Land use patterns, temperature distribution, and potential heat stress risk – The case study Berlin, Germany

Dugord, Pierre-Adrien; Lauf, Steffen; Schuster, Christian; Kleinschmit, Birgit

doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.07.005

Cited by 157 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, there are still parts where the layout and position of buildings create a "wall", hindering the unobstructed flow of air ( Figure 2). Another important factor that increases the exposure, and thus, the vulnerability to, heat stress is population density [12,41,45]. Densities in the Municipality of Kalamaria are relatively high, often exceeding 400 inhabitants/ha ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Urban Form Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average annual temperature increased by more than 1 • C in the period 1958-1999 [48], and this trend is expected to continue. This consequence of climate change, along with the expected increase in extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, is likely to increase UHI intensity [12,13]. Studies have shown that Thessaloniki has become more arid and that, while the annual rainfall levels are significantly lower, rainfall itself has become heavier [49], which means an increased risk of flash floods.…”

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The municipality featured a small increase in the population of small children (0-4 years old) in the period 2001-2011. Both of these groups are considered to be particularly exposed and sensitive to the impacts of climate change and find it harder to adapt [2,12,41,[43][44][45][46][47][51][52][53]. The composition of population by sex was not examined as a variable, since the relevant studies report conflicting evidence [40,45,47].…”

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these features could have resulted in the observed intensity of UHI and climate change. Given that the felt effects of climate change depend on gender, age, education and social class [2,11,12,[38][39][40][41][44][45][46][47], the Municipality of Kalamaria has a high degree of so-called "generic vulnerability" (Table 1). This is due to the fact that it features an increased percentage of elderly (over the age of 65), higher than the average in the Prefecture of Thessaloniki.…”

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the existence of many definitions of climate change, an element that all of them have in common is the effect of human intervention on this phenomenon. The interaction between climate change and the urban environment is widely recognized and recorded in various studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Different patterns of settlement, spatial configuration of cities, land use allocation, lifestyle and consumption behaviors, all influence the combined effect of climate change and UHI [2,11,12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Yiannakou

Salata

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:One of the problems urban areas are facing is the coupled effect of climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This article attempts to demonstrate the potential of spatial planning to reduce the UHI effect and, hence, to contribute to climate change adaptation in compact urban areas. After a brief review of the relevant literature, the article focuses on one case study within the compact urban area of the city of Thessaloniki. The geographical, socio-economic and urban form data of the study area and its subsequent vulnerability to UHI were initially assessed. Based on these features, a local spatial planning strategy is proposed, and the study proceeds to a detailed amendment of the land use plan, within part of the vulnerable zone. This takes into account the existing urban form, the lack of resources and the availability of the spatial planning tools within the Greek spatial planning system. The main purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that, even in urban areas where the potential for intervention seems to be marginal, because of their existing form, the complexities of the local planning system and resource limitations, improvements to the UHI effect and adaptation to climate change can be achieved by better land use planning and urban design.

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Section: Urban Form Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Yiannakou

Salata

2017

Sustainability

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Analysing heat exposure in two German cities by using meteorological data from both within and outside the urban area

Walther

Olonscheck

2016

Meteorological Applications

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As many cities are increasingly affected by heat waves, knowledge regarding those parts of cities most susceptible to heat exposure is essential for the implementation of directed adaptation measures. The frequency of heat waves is projected to increase in both German cities considered for this study: Karlsruhe and Berlin. By aggregating temperature data from meteorological stations within the two cities and their hinterlands, the local temperature distribution within the administrative city boundaries was assessed. A multiple regression approach was used to reveal the regional inter-relationship between non-meteorological factors such as altitude, population density and land use, on the one hand, and the heat distribution, on the other. This functional relationship was then applied at the city quarter level for the two cities. A model selection process was undertaken to find the most significant models describing the heat exposure of two heat indicators: heat wave days (HWDs) and tropical nights (TRNs). While altitude and population density were found to be the most significant explanatory variables for Karlsruhe, population density had a dominating influence on the distribution of heat at the city quarter level for Berlin. In Karlsruhe, models describing the daytime temperature performed best, whereas in Berlin those describing the night time temperature distribution had the highest statistical significance. This method could be used with relatively low financial and material expense to assess heat exposure in different city quarters even if there are insufficient meteorological stations within a city.

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Assessment of modern hydro‐meteorological hazards in a big city – identification for Warsaw

Żmudzka

Kulesza

Lenartowicz

et al. 2019

Meteorological Applications

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Continuous urban development significantly transforms the ecosystem in a big city. The increasing frequency of heat waves and their influence on the rise in mortality in big cities suggest that the thermal hazard (long‐term occurrence of high air temperature) is one of the key climatic hazards of present times. The global temperature rise, reinforced in urbanized areas by the anthropogenic heat flux, leads to intensified convection processes and increased precipitation, especially torrential rain. One of the most important hydrological hazards in a big conurbation is the urban flood hazard. In this paper the identified climatic hazards occurring in a big city are analysed: the thermal hazard and the urban flood hazard. The areas currently exposed to thermal and urban flood hazards in Warsaw are identified and assessed in terms of the hazard level. The results obtained are verified with the data from meteorological measuring stations (the thermal hazard) and from the Fire Department interventions connected with rainfall and flooding (the urban flood hazard). A map of hydro‐meteorological hazards was created by combining thermal hazard and urban flood hazard maps. The approach combining the exposure to thermal and urban flood hazards, presented in this study, uses widely accessible spatial data and can be applied to any location. It can also play a significant role in assessing the adaptation of urban areas to climate change and be an important source of information on the current exposure to hydro‐meteorological hazards as well as their possible increase.

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Land use patterns, temperature distribution, and potential heat stress risk – The case study Berlin, Germany

Cited by 157 publications

References 47 publications

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Analysing heat exposure in two German cities by using meteorological data from both within and outside the urban area

Assessment of modern hydro‐meteorological hazards in a big city – identification for Warsaw

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