Land Use, Land Cover and Land Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon (1960–2013)

Ometto, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud; Sousa‐Neto, Eráclito Rodrigues de; Tejada, Graciela

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49902-3_15

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Recent studies indicate that this region has experienced both effects (urbanization and land use and cover change) in the last four decades (de Souza et al, 2016;Ometto et al, 2016). The exceptional high NHWD values recorded since the beginning of 21st century and especially for the years of 2005 and 2010 regarding the city of Manaus are representative of the abnormally hot and dry periods that have been observed in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We recognize that urban heat islands and deforestation/land use may have an important role for the development of HWs here investigated and therefore enhance the impacts of extreme climate events. Recent studies indicate that this region has experienced both effects (urbanization and land use and cover change) in the last four decades (de Souza et al, ; Ometto et al, ). The exceptional high NHWD values recorded since the beginning of 21st century and especially for the years of 2005 and 2010 regarding the city of Manaus are representative of the abnormally hot and dry periods that have been observed in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Geirinhas

Trigo

Libonati

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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According to the latest global and regional circulation models, the probability of occurrence of large heat waves (HWs), such as the 2003 European or the 2010 Russian events will increase significantly in the following decades under most climate scenarios. Currently, there are numerous studies for the Northern Hemisphere characterizing HWs and evaluating their impacts in several areas such as public health, economy, and agriculture. However, over South America, and in particular for Brazil, similar analysis is lacking despite its large geographical extension and numerous population potentially affected. Here we perform an assessment of HW events and characteristics recorded in six large Brazilian cities during the last five decades. The performed analysis reveals the existence of positive and significant trends in HW frequency since the 1980s, particularly for the cities of São Paulo, Manaus, and Recife. Over the last decades, Brasília was the city that recorded the highest number of days per year under a HW regime, contrasting with Rio de Janeiro that recorded the lowest value. The assessment of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with summer HWs, indicated for Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Brasília the presence of well‐marked concentric and positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies followed by positive 850 hPa temperature anomalies. These anomalies are likely associated with quasi‐stationary anticyclonic systems promoted by anomalous westward displacements of the South Atlantic Subtropical High System which are related to a weakening of other transients (and non‐transient) systems such the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. For Manaus, the identified anomalies are linked to a northward displacement of the ITCZ. This configuration is compatible with an increase in solar radiative pattern and decreased soil moisture, enhancing surface temperature values, possibly associated with positive feedback mechanisms between soil and the atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Geirinhas

Trigo

Libonati

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…An increase in TCC seasonality with a decreasing trend during the dry season and an increasing trend during the wet season was also identified by a previous study (Butt et al, 2009), although their study period was limited to 1984-2006. Southern Amazonia, and particularly southeastern Amazonia, includes the arc of deforestation, and it is the driest region along the Amazon Basin, particularly vulnerable to ENSO and AMO variability (Yoon and Zeng, 2010;Andreoli et al, 2016) and drought-induced feedbacks (Ribeiro et al, 2018;Staal et al, 2018). During recent decades, southern Amazon presents high levels of fire and deforestation activity (Chen et al, 2013), associated with forest conversion into agriculture and pasture, selective logging and forest fragmentation (Lapola et al, 2014;Ometto et al, 2016;Venter et al, 2016). The observed reduction in cloud cover over the region is probably correlated with forest loss, and land use changes occurred in southern Amazon (Bala et al, 2007;Malhi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droughts Over Amazonia in 2005, 2010, and 2015: A Cloud Cover Perspective

2018

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Amazon forests experienced recent severe droughts in an anomalous short period induced by different mechanisms and had different length periods and spatial patterns. Droughts of 2005 and 2010 were attributed to anomalous Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) during the dry season, but the 2010 drought was more severe and remained for a longer period because it was also induced in late 2009 by a moderate to strong El Niño (EN). Drought in 2015 led to unprecedented warming and extreme soil moisture deficits over some regions, and it was attributed to a very strong EN. Several studies analyzed these drought events regarding different climatic factors such as anomalies in SST, vegetation, temperature, precipitation, soil moisture deficits, solar radiation, etc. However, we have not identified a complete analysis of total cloud cover (TCC) over Amazonia during these drought events in the context of long-term trends and past strong EN events. This brief report aims to present a preliminary analysis of anomalies in TCC over Amazon using reanalysis data with a focus on the last recent drought events into a long-term context. Results show a significant decreasing trend (p < 0.05) for TCC over southern Amazonia during the dry season (around −2% per decade), in contrast to the significant increasing trend found over northern Amazonia during this season and the significant widespread increasing trend during the wet season (between +2 and +4% per decade). Correlation analysis between SST and TCC anomalies is also indicative of the different West-East and North-South patterns linked to EN events or drought episodes driven by TNA warm anomalies.

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“…The tropical forests sustain the hydrological cycle through evapotranspiration, contributing to physical, chemical and biological processes and feedbacks, which non-linearity may buffer or amplify climate changes [40]. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the Amazon Basin in the beginning of the 21-century have had an unprecedented number of extreme drought events [8,11,16,19] and undergone a large-scale conversion of forests into pasture and cropland over the last decades [41][42][43], thus altering the land-atmosphere interface and contributing to changes in the regional and local hydrological cycle [44][45][46]. Deforestation and land use process over the region are associated with fire practices, increasing atmospheric aerosol concentrations, which in turn promote feedback mechanisms between clouds and precipitation [47,48], thus contributing to changes in the water cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Drought Events over the Amazon Basin: The Perspective from the Reconstruction of South American Hydroclimate

Garcia¹,

Libonati²,

Nunes³

2018

Water

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The Amazon basin has experienced severe drought events for centuries, mainly associated with climate variability connected to tropical North Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperature anomalous warming. Recently, these events are becoming more frequent, more intense and widespread. Because of the Amazon droughts environmental and socioeconomic impacts, there is an increased demand for understanding the characteristics of such extreme events in the region. In that regard, regional models instead of the general circulation models provide a promising strategy to generate more detailed climate information of extreme events, seeking better representation of physical processes. Due to uneven spatial distribution and gaps found in station data in tropical South America, and the need of more refined climate assessment in those regions, satellite-enhanced regional downscaling for applied studies (SRDAS) is used in the reconstruction of South American hydroclimate, with hourly to monthly outputs from January 1998. Accordingly, this research focuses on the analyses of recent extreme drought events in the years of 2005 and 2010 in the Amazon Basin, using the SRDAS monthly means of near-surface temperature and relative humidity, precipitation and vertically integrated soil moisture fields. Results from this analysis corroborate spatial and temporal patterns found in previous studies on extreme drought events in the region, displaying the distinctive features of the 2005 and 2010 drought events. 4 of 16 moisture, and relative humidity, and with the highest temperature anomalies, considering the lag between the responses of the atmosphere and the surface conditions. Water 2017, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 16 drought-patterns along, taking into special attention the droughts of 2005 and 2010, with the spatial distribution of the anomalies computed from the monthly means over the Amazon basin. We only analyze the months with the lowest anomalies in precipitation, soil moisture, and relative humidity, and with the highest temperature anomalies, considering the lag between the responses of the atmosphere and the surface conditions.

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Land Use, Land Cover and Land Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon (1960–2013)

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Droughts Over Amazonia in 2005, 2010, and 2015: A Cloud Cover Perspective

Extreme Drought Events over the Amazon Basin: The Perspective from the Reconstruction of South American Hydroclimate

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