Land use in relation to composition and abundance of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in five foci of domiciliary transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Andean region of Colombia

Moreno, Mabel; Guzmán-Rodríguez, Lina; Valderrama-Ardila, Carlos; Alexander, Neal; Ocampo, Clara B.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105315

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For disease vectors, a recent study found that bloodfed Anopheles mosquitoes per individual were equi-or super-Pareto (Guelbeogo et al 2018). For phlebotomine vectors of leishmaniasis, a recent study (Moreno et al 2020) analyzed abundance at five sites in Colombia, using negative binomial models, and the numbers per house were super-Pareto only two of the sites and the other three sites were sub-Pareto. Overall, it is important for control programs to reach those with highest parasite densities or vector exposure, including potential superspreaders (Cooper et al 2019; Harrison and Bennett 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Pareto Principle describe parasite counts in humans? The case of hookworm in pregnant women

Orobio

Alexander

2021

Preprint

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The Pareto Principle (PP) - that 80% of an attribute are found in 20% of individuals - is one way to characterize heterogeneity in infectious diseases. An alternative is the dispersion parameter (k) of the negative binomial distribution (NBD). The NBD has two parameters, while the PP is a single property which may hold for any distribution family. The objectives of the current work are: a) to obtain a relation between the PP and NBD, i.e. to specify which combinations of NBD parameters comply with the PP; b) for hookworm, a soil-transmitted intestinal parasite of humans, to identify whether the PP or the NBD is a more parsimonious description of heterogeneity of infection load. For objective a), an empirical relation is found in the form of a saw-toothed line on a plot of k against the mean, reaching an asymptote of approximately 0.24. For objective b), we estimate k and the mean from nine studies from a systematic review of hookworm in pregnant women. Seven studies had higher heterogeneity than the PP, ranging from 83:20 to 100:20: we call these super-Pareto. One study was sub-Pareto (74:20), and one was Pareto (80:20). This suggests that at least two parameters, as supplied by the NBD, are necessary to describe the heterogeneity of hookworm. The probability of reaching a target reduction in prevalence is less when there is greater aggregation, which suggests that estimating aggregation via a subsample could be worthwhile, in order to set a target coverage threshold before starting mass drug administration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%