“…Coarser sediments offer greater protection by operating within a narrower width than finer sediments (Carter and Orford, 1984;Carter et al, 1990). Although a number of models are available to account for the shoreline response to sea-level rise (see Leatherman, 1990, for a review), they are almost exclusively focused on sedimentary coasts (Bruun, 1962;Leatherman, 1984;London and Volonte, 1991;Wilcoxen, 1986). Few models have studied the evolution of soft rock coasts (Trenhaile, 2009); even fewer have incorporated the effects of sea-level rise on such coastlines Trenhaile, 2010;Walkden and Hall, 2005).…”
Section: Platform Erosion and Climate Changementioning
This paper reviews the research on shore platforms since 1980. Although some quantitative work on platforms was conducted in the late 1970s, it was principally in the 1980s that there was a change in the research paradigm, from qualitative observations to quantitative analyses. Researchers are now closer than ever before on agreeing that no single process can produce shore platforms in itself. The last decade has seen remarkable proliferation of research interests in shore platforms. Consequently, there are much-improved data sets on the processes acting on them. Even so, it has not yet been possible to establish definitively the precise role of each individual process in shore platform evolution. Laboratory simulation of platform morphodynamics has received much less attention compared to field-based studies. There are also some other aspects, such as threshold determination, geological control, inheritance, application of geo-informatics and focus on low-energy and tropical coasts, that have received limited attention. These areas are avenues for future research. To enable a better understanding of platform dynamics in a particular area, fieldwork, laboratory simulation and numerical modelling should be carried out simultaneously. Shore platforms are a global feature, and their study should be undertaken in all parts of the world through increased collaborative work among researchers.
“…Coarser sediments offer greater protection by operating within a narrower width than finer sediments (Carter and Orford, 1984;Carter et al, 1990). Although a number of models are available to account for the shoreline response to sea-level rise (see Leatherman, 1990, for a review), they are almost exclusively focused on sedimentary coasts (Bruun, 1962;Leatherman, 1984;London and Volonte, 1991;Wilcoxen, 1986). Few models have studied the evolution of soft rock coasts (Trenhaile, 2009); even fewer have incorporated the effects of sea-level rise on such coastlines Trenhaile, 2010;Walkden and Hall, 2005).…”
Section: Platform Erosion and Climate Changementioning
This paper reviews the research on shore platforms since 1980. Although some quantitative work on platforms was conducted in the late 1970s, it was principally in the 1980s that there was a change in the research paradigm, from qualitative observations to quantitative analyses. Researchers are now closer than ever before on agreeing that no single process can produce shore platforms in itself. The last decade has seen remarkable proliferation of research interests in shore platforms. Consequently, there are much-improved data sets on the processes acting on them. Even so, it has not yet been possible to establish definitively the precise role of each individual process in shore platform evolution. Laboratory simulation of platform morphodynamics has received much less attention compared to field-based studies. There are also some other aspects, such as threshold determination, geological control, inheritance, application of geo-informatics and focus on low-energy and tropical coasts, that have received limited attention. These areas are avenues for future research. To enable a better understanding of platform dynamics in a particular area, fieldwork, laboratory simulation and numerical modelling should be carried out simultaneously. Shore platforms are a global feature, and their study should be undertaken in all parts of the world through increased collaborative work among researchers.
“…Additionally, there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with these predictions, making planning for sea level rise and more extreme weather events challenging (Meo, 1991;Kostelnick, McDermott, Rowley, & Bunnyfield, 2013 Sea level rise poses a serious threat and is already affecting coastal areas (Williams, 2013). Rising sea levels result in inundation and coastal erosion and may substantially alter beaches and barrier islands (FitzGerald et al, 2008;London & Volonte, 1991). The changing topography and more frequent extreme weather events will, in turn, impact coastal communities and their ability to weather storms.…”
Section: Climate Change Sea Level Rise and Coastal Vulnerabilitymentioning
“…Since 1980, 43 percent of single-family building permits and 51 percent of multi-family building permits in the U.S. were issued in coastal counties (Crossett et al, 2004), which is nearshore real estate that is susceptible to damages tied to sea-level rise and coastal storms. The assessment of economic impacts associated with accelerated sea-level rise and increased storm intensity is an extension of shoreline-change modeling that has been in effect since the 1980s with early studies at Galveston (Leatherman, 1984), Ocean City (Titus, 1985), Sea Bright New Jersey (Kyper & Sorenson, 1985), Charleston (Davidson & Kana, 1988), and Myrtle Beach (London & Volonte, 1991). An early effort to expand to larger regional-scale assessments by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency entitled "Maps of Lands Vulnerable to Sea-level Rise" was developed to identify areas along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts that are vulnerable to sea-level rise.…”
The National Climate Assessment (NCA) is being conducted under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The GCRA requires a report to the President and the Congress every four years that integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP); analyzes the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy production and use, land and water resources, transportation, human health and welfare, human social systems, and biological diversity; and analyzes current trends in global change, both human-induced and natural, and projects major trends for the subsequent 25 to 100 years. This Technical Input was produced by a team of experts at the request of the NCA Development and Advisory Committee. It will be available for use as reference material by all NCA author teams. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce.
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