Land use effects on pesticides in sediments of prairie pothole wetlands in North and South Dakota

Abstract

Prairie potholes are the dominant wetland type in the intensively cultivated northern Great Plains of North America, and thus have the potential to receive pesticide runoff and drift. We examined the presence of pesticides in sediments of 151 wetlands split among the three dominant land use types, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), cropland, and native prairie, in North and South Dakota in 2011. Herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) and fungicides were detected regularly, with no insecticide detections. Glyphosate was the most detected pesticide, occurring in 61% of all wetlands, with atrazine in only 8% of wetlands. Pyraclostrobin was one of five fungicides detected, but the only one of significance, being detected in 31% of wetlands. Glyphosate was the only pesticide that differed by land use, with concentrations in cropland over four-times that in either native prairie or CRP, which were equal in concentration and frequency of detection. Despite examining several landscape variables, such as wetland proximity to specific crop types, watershed size, and others, land use was the best variable explaining pesticide concentrations in potholes. CRP ameliorated glyphosate in wetlands at concentrations comparable to native prairie and thereby provides another ecosystem service from this expansive program.

Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms

“…For the seven most frequently detected herbicides (Table 3), only glyphosate and AMPA, and clopyralid, were more prevalent in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms than in wetlands on organic farms. Similarly, McMurry et al (2016) observed that glyphosate was more prevalent in sediments of wetlands in croplands than in sediments of wetlands in native pasture where it was not used. Both glyphosate and clopyralid have high relative use in the study area with glyphosate having the highest use of all herbicides (Table 2).…”

Wetland and Hydric Soils

“…Elevated soil nitrate concentrations and N 2 O emissions have been identified in cropland associated with wetlands, ostensibly due to inputs of N-based fertilizers (Bedard-Haughn et al 2006;Tangen et al 2015). Moreover, various agrichemicals (e.g., herbicides and fungicides) have been identified in sediments and tissues of wetland biota (e.g., Belden et al 2012;McMurry et al 2016;Venne et al 2008). McMurry and others (2016) found that glyphosate concentrations in soils were more than four times greater in cropland wetlands than grassland wetlands.…”

ELISA, a feasible technique to monitor organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid residues in local vegetables. Cuban case study

“…Abraxis Life Technologies™ provides field and labbased ELISA testing kits for several pesticides tested in various matrices listed in the National Environmental Methods Index. Numerous articles have proven the suitability of Abraxis pesticide kits, especially for the analysis of glyphosate [13][14][15]. For OP and CPs, a colorimetric assay ELISA screen kit (Microtiter Plate: 96 Test) was purchased from Abraxis Inc.…”