Land‐use change impacts on soil and vegetation attributes in the Kanshi River basin, Potohar Plateau, Pakistan

Abstract

Soil erosion and land degradation have intensified recently, resulting from large‐scale land‐use and land cover (LULC) change, deforestation and farm mechanization. This phenomenon motivates the rationale for the assessment of such land‐use changes and their impacts on soil and vegetation in the Kanshi River basin using various remote sensing techniques between 1987–2019. The image classification enabled the identification of dry and highland zones. It was observed that around 17% of natural vegetation cover disappeared and was converted into agricultural land. Significant increase in extensive agricultural practices, population growth, settlement, and the brick industry have increased soil erosion and changed the landscape of the Kanshi region during 1987–2019. Further, we classify gully erosion, rill erosion, sprinkle erosion, and sheet erosion have all been found at rates of 43%, 27%, 9%, and 21%, respectively. Similarly, soil classes in 2019 were doubled, with Sambrial association (1%), Rajar complex (36%), Dhulian association (15%), Gullied (15%), Missa complex, Rough mountainous (2%) and Rough broken (17%), compared to four classes in 1987: Gullied, Missa complex, rough broken land, and Torrent bed land. Whereas in 1987, four types of soils were observed. The recorded soil series had a limited water holding capacity and were well drained. Soil erosion is a natural and inevitable phenomenon; however, its intensity can be reduced by appropriate water resource management in this basin.

Erosion susceptibility mapping of a loess-covered region using Analytic Hierarchy Process – A case study: Kalat-e-Naderi, northeast Iran

“…et al 2014;Zhao, J. et al 2016;Li, Y. et al 2020;Vanmaercke, M. et al 2021;Cen, Y. et al 2022). Soil erosion is speeded up by a complex interplay of environmental factors, such as topography, soil characteristics, climate, and vegetation, as well as human activities like deforestation, farming, and construction (Lukić, T. et al 2018(Lukić, T. et al , 2019Thomas, J. et al 2018;Abbas, S. et al 2022). To mitigate soil erosion, diverse strategies, ranging from conservation tillage to the implementation of hydraulic structures, have been developed (Morgan, R. 1995;Barbera, V. et al 2012;Lukić, T. et al 2016).…”