Land use and water quality in watersheds in the State of São Paulo, based on GIS and SWAT data

Abstract

Land use influences the quality and availability of water resources, but Brazil has made little progress in integrated watershed management. This study therefore applied geoprocessing for land-use classification and evaluated the impact on the hydrological balance in order to contribute to the integrated management of water resources. Using GIS tools, two drainage areas from the water catchment points of two municipalities, Santa Cruz das Palmeiras and Piedade, were delimited; land-use mapping was carried out using the supervised classification method of satellite images, and the SWAT model was applied for hydrological simulation. The methods used were appropriate. The surface runoff was related to the absence of vegetation and the predominance of exposed soil. The relationship between land use/land cover and the hydrological balance was evidenced, especially the impact of agricultural activities and the lack of natural vegetation in the surface runoff.

Avaliação da Qualidade da Água em Microbacias Hidrográficas do Extremo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

“…Embora a água seja um bem imprescindível e se configure como elemento essencial (Souza et al, 2014;Santos, 2018;Brito et al, 2019;Carvalho e Monteiro, 2020), diversos estudos têm sido realizados em diferentes países, evidenciado a deterioração desse recurso em várias partes do planeta (Jahan e Strezov, 2017;Şener, Şener e Davraz, 2017;Kay et al, 2017;Wu et al 2018). Estudos desenvolvidos no Egito, Guatemala, bem como nos estados do Pará, Amapá, Pará, Minas Gerais e São Paulo já constataram efeitos do uso e ocupação do solo sem o devido acompanhamento de infraestrutura básica e na qualidade desses corpos hídricos (Goher et al 2014; ChánSantisteban e Peña 2015; Lobato et al, 2015; Bucci e Oliveira 2014; Oliveira e Cunha 2014; Pereira et al, 2016;Menezes et al, 2016;Veiga, 2019).…”