Land Transport in the Bronze Age

Uckelmann, Marion

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572861.013.0022

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Evidence of bitting on horse teeth indicates that bridles with bits were utilized early in the domestication process (Bendrey ; Brown and Anthony ; Levine ), and metal bits are attested from 1300 BC in central Europe (Sherratt , 217). However, in this period there are no clear differences between bits, cheek pieces and other bridle elements used in hitching horses to wagons and chariots versus those used for riding (Dietz , 161; Uckelmann , 401). Since the distinction between using horses for draft versus riding cannot be determined based on material culture, the clearest evidence for the early use of horses comes from iconography.…”

Section: The Development Of Riding In Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest known representations of horseback riding in south‐eastern Europe are from rock art in the Valcamonica and Valltellina valleys in northern Italy, where images of riders have been dated to the local Period IV (1200–16 BC; Anati , 189–90; de Saulieu , 297). Based on these depictions, equestrianism did not develop until the Late Bronze Age in this area, and did not become ubiquitous until around 1000 BC (Clutton‐Brock , 73; Renfrew ; Uckelmann ). By the Early Iron Age the frequency and distribution of equestrian imagery had increased markedly.…”

Section: The Development Of Riding In Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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Horses and the Embodiment of Elite Masculinity in the Dolenjska Hallstatt Culture

Frie

2017

Oxford J Archaeology

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Summary. In later prehistory horse ownership was a manifestation of wealth and physical prowess, and demonstrated access to distant lands. Because of the expense and restricted availability of horses, they are often reduced to indicators of status without more nuanced considerations of how lived human-horse interactions enmeshed them in these status displays. To complicate the simple horse/status object equivalence, this article presents a specific case for the symbolic and social significance of horses in Early Iron Age south-eastern Slovenia through the lens of equine iconography, and argues that horses and particularly equestrianism were essential to embodying elite masculine identity. Broadly, this article seeks to move beyond equating high-status goods with high-status people by discussing how particular events, bodily abilities and human-animal relationships were all intertwined in the materialization of social distinction for a particular group.

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Section: The Development Of Riding In Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Development Of Riding In Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Horses and the Embodiment of Elite Masculinity in the Dolenjska Hallstatt Culture

Frie

2017

Oxford J Archaeology

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Horses, Wagons, and Chariots

Rebay‐Salisbury

2018

The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age

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It is hard to imagine the Iron Age without horses, as they played an important part in identity formation and status expression of Iron Age elites. This article illustrates their role as riding, pack, and draught animals in peace and war, as useful companions for hunting and partners in sport, as aids in agriculture, providers of milk and, in the end, meat and hides. Four-wheeled ceremonial wagons and two-wheeled chariots were status symbols in funerary and ritual contexts, and some Iron Age communities in central and eastern Europe even buried horses. Images of horses and their riders, and of gods and goddesses connected with horses further demonstrate their role in Iron Age religion across the continent. This chapter describes some of the regional patterns of how humans engaged with horses in Iron Age Europe.

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Vieh, Laub und Versammlungsplatz

Kruse

Matthes

2019

ACAR

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In 2009, a site containing multiple so‐called cooking pits with fire‐cracked stones was excavated at Egelund near Rise, four kilometers northwest of Aabenraa, southern Denmark (Site Id HAM 4791 Egelund III) (Note/Anmk. 1). The excavation has led to a larger research project focusing on the material remains from the Bronze Age within a 30 km radius of the site (Fig. 1). The ancient community of Rise is characterised by a wide range of material evidence that has been excavated and well documented during the last twenty years. It was therefore considered as relevant to carry out a comprehensive study of the entire archaeological collection from this area and to include as many different sources as possible (Note/Anmk. 2). The article presents an integrative approach that combines different find categories from dwelling remains to pottery production in an attempt to provide a proper interpretive background for the distribution of cooking pits in the Rise micro‐region. One of the most significant results is the demonstration of continuous use of a gathering place attested at Egelund during a period of 1000 years, from the 15th to 5th century BC. Different communities combined their resources and effectuated such projects as the building of barrows or dwellings.

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Land Transport in the Bronze Age

Cited by 3 publications

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Horses and the Embodiment of Elite Masculinity in the Dolenjska Hallstatt Culture

Horses and the Embodiment of Elite Masculinity in the Dolenjska Hallstatt Culture

Horses, Wagons, and Chariots

Vieh, Laub und Versammlungsplatz

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