Land reforms reflected in the farming landscape in East Bohemia and in Southern Sweden – Two faces of modernisation

Skaloš, Jan; Janečková, Kristina; Kottová, Petra

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.003

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Streams were remodeled and straightened, and drainage channels were built. On the other hand, the landscape began to suffer from drought and wind erosion, and fields had to be irrigated (Lipský et al, 2012;Skaloš et al, 2012b). The knowledge of water and wetland dynamics in the past is essential for responsible and successful landscape planning (Šantrůčková et al, 2013;Lipský et al, 2013).…”

Section: Water and Wetland Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New technologies and crops, e.g., sugar beet, enabled the cultivation of wetlands; therefore, most wetland and water areas were changed to arable land by the end of the 19 th century. Streams were remodeled to drain the area, and their total lengths were shortened (Skaloš et al, 2012b;Jepsen et al, 2015;Šantrůčková et al, 2015;Štengl, 1992;Froněk, 2009). …”

Section: Water and Wetland Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term changes in water areas and wetlands in an intensively farmed landscape: A case study from the Czech Republic

Šantrůčková

Demková

Weber

et al. 2017

European Countryside

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Abstract:The landscape of the Czech Republic currently faces droughts that are caused by several factors. One of the reasons for drought is landscape development and land cover changes. Changes in water and wetland areas and streams were studied by comparing old military maps and the present state. Water and wetland areas in fertile lowlands significantly decreased over time; the landscape was continuously dried out with the aim of increasing agricultural and woody production. While water and wetland areas occupied nearly one-third of the study area (Nové Dvory and Žehušice micro-regions in Central Bohemia) at the end of the 18 th century, the present share of these areas is only 3.5%. There was a decrease of approximately 10% in each period, and nearly all of these areas disappeared by the end of the 19 th century. Water and wetland areas were changed primarily to arable land. The length of streams decreased by the end of the 19 th century. Drainage and irrigation channels were built during the 20 th century, and although they are only periodic or episodic streams, these channels increased the total length of streams.Key words: streams, still waters, wetlands, land use changes, drought, central Europe Abstrakt: Krajina České republiky v současnosti čelí nebezpečí sucha, které je způsobeno mnoha faktory. Mezi ně patří změny krajiny a krajinného pokryvu. V článku jsou sledovány změny vodních a mokřadních ploch a délky vodních toků na podkladě starých vojenských mapování a současného stavu. Vodní a mokřadní plochy v nížinách zásadně ubyly a krajina byla vysušována s cílem zvýšit zemědělskou a lesnickou produkci. Zatímco na konci 18. století vodní a mokřadní plochy zaujímaly skoro třetinu sledovaného území Novodvorska a Žehušicka ve středních Čechách, v současnosti je to jen 3,5 %. V každé ze sledovaných period ubylo přibližně 10 % jejich rozlohy, významný úbytek těchto ploch v krajině tak nastal již v 19. století. Vodní a mokřadní plochy byly změněny převážně na ornou půdu. Délka vodních toků poklesla zejména v průběhu 19. století. Současná data ukazují nárůst jejich délky, který je ale způsoben budováním zavodňovacích a odvodňovacích kanálů, jejichž délka je také započítána do celkové délky vodních toků, byť nejsou celoročně protékány vodou.

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Section: Water and Wetland Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water and Wetland Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term changes in water areas and wetlands in an intensively farmed landscape: A case study from the Czech Republic

Šantrůčková

Demková

Weber

et al. 2017

European Countryside

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“…Changes in the farm size and continuation in farming are also affected in particular by the profitability of farming, primarily measured through productivity and financial returns, by the human capital as characterized by the farmers' age and education, and by the programmes in support of farming (Piet et al 2011). It is likely that the laws and customs that govern the inheritance land have a big influence on the field size, depending on whether or not the fields are likely to be divided up when they are passed to heirs or sold out (Skaloš et al 2012).…”

Section: Situation In the Eu Member Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting farm size on the European level and the national level of the Czech Republic

Janovska¹,

Šímová²,

Vlasák³

et al. 2017

AGR ECON-CZECH

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Extreme diff erences in agricultural holding size, existing not only among the countries within the EU as a whole but also within the farm structures of the individual countries, create a considerable uncertainty for establishing the optimal political and economic instruments to support sustainable rural development. Th e study explores the determinants infl uencing the spatial volatility of agricultural holding size at both the EU scale and the national scale of the Czech Republic, the latter of which has the largest mean agricultural holding size in the EU. While some factors are identical for both the EU and the Czech Republic, other eff ects can only be evaluated at the European or international scale, and still others can be evaluated only at the national scale. Th e only factor found in this study to be signifi cantly associated with the agricultural holding size on the European scale was the wheat production. On the Czech national scale, land consolidation, unemployment rate, and soil fertility were signifi cantly associated with the agricultural holding size. Th e study found that in the Czech Republic, the number of farms was increasing, while at the same time the agricultural holding sizes were decreasing. Th is is an opposite trend in comparison to the EU as a whole, where the number of farms is diminishing and the sizes increasing.

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“…vast areas of land kanianska et al, 2014;kohlheb, krausmann, 2009;skaloš et al, 2012). it was also driven by technological driving forces in terms of high level use of pesticides, fertilisers, artificial manure (kohlheb, krausmann, 2009; kuskova et al, 2008; szilassi et al, 2010), vast melioration projects (e.g.…”

Section: Agricultural Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe - differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries

Skokanová

Falťan

Havlíček

2016

Ekológia (Bratislava)

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in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, slovak republic * author for correspondence abstract skokanová H., Falťan v., Havlíček M.: Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe -differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries. Ekológia (Bratislava), vol. 35, no. 1, p. 50-65, 2016.The article compares and points out differences in driving forces of four main landscape change processes that shaped post-socialist countries and old democratic countries of Central Europe during the last two centuries. studying landscape change processes and corresponding driving forces helps in understanding patterns of present landscape and can help among others in better prediction of future landscape change trends. Here, the presented results are based on review of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2014. Driving forces affecting these processes were grouped into four categories. Economic forces drove mainly agricultural intensification; agricultural land abandonment and urbanisation and were pronounced especially in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological driving forces affected agricultural intensification especially in the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century while cultural driving forces had the biggest impact on urbanisation at the beginning of the 21st century. political driving forces affected agricultural intensification, urbanisation as well as agricultural land abandonment and were pronounced mainly during the second half of the 20th century in the post-socialist countries. political forces in the form of subsidies drove agricultural extensification at the beginning of the 21st century. The drivers for the agricultural intensification as well as urbanisation seem to be similar for both old democratic and post-socialist countries. in contrast, agricultural land abandonment in the old democratic countries was driven by technological, cultural and economic driving forces while in the post-socialist countries the political driving forces were mainly responsible. Changes in systems for subsidies and changes in the agricultural commodity markets are also responsible for different frequencies and rates of extensification of agriculture between the two groups of countries.

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Land reforms reflected in the farming landscape in East Bohemia and in Southern Sweden – Two faces of modernisation

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Long term changes in water areas and wetlands in an intensively farmed landscape: A case study from the Czech Republic

Long term changes in water areas and wetlands in an intensively farmed landscape: A case study from the Czech Republic

Factors affecting farm size on the European level and the national level of the Czech Republic

Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe - differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries

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