Land reclamation in Egypt: A study of life in the new lands

Adriansen, Hanne Kirstine

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.05.006

Cited by 92 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Algeria, groundwater-based agricultural development is encouraged through bank loans for farmers and fund irrigation improvement and tractors (Imache et al, 2010). In Egypt, groundwaterbased agriculture has been developed through land reclamation projects with the objective of reclaiming desert land to expand the total area of arable land and settle populations (Allan, 2001;Adriansen, 2009;Dixon, 2017). In Syria, the large-scale expansion of groundwater-irrigated areas was initiated when the government encouraged and supported the drilling of wells (Munlahasan, 2007;Aw-Hassan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Groundwater Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea was first implemented by El Nasser in the 1950s through a plan labelled the 'Five Feddan 1 Scheme' (Johnson, 2004), and this idea continued throughout the Mubarak era (Adriansen, 2009), until its last embodiment in President Sisi's 'one millionfeddan Plan'. The importance of land reclamation project comes with the increase in population and the needs to expand horizontally and provide more economic opportunities and food by utilizing desert land through the development of new water resources (mainly groundwater) for irrigation and other beneficial uses (Taylor, 1976;Allan, 2001).…”

Section: Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egypt is notable for the diversity of actors who have been allowed to acquire land in State land reclamation projects, including small farmers, land less farmers, graduates, investors of all sizes, big corporate or public companies, and even the army (Sims, 2015;Adriansen, 2009). Officially, all desert land in Egypt belongs to the state, since 1820-30 (Rae, 2002).…”

Section: Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Army, in East Oweinat and other places, can count on drafted labor. Even in state-sponsored land reclamation schemes close to the delta it took many years for people to permanently settle, and many gave up and returned to their village in the Valley or the Delta (Adriansen, 2009). …”

Section: Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater-based agriculture in arid parts of the MENA region has developed and expanded in 1960s-1970s in parallel with technical change in irrigation and well-drilling techniques, but also due to state subsidies supporting this activity (Imache et al, 2010;Aw-Hassan et al, 2014;UNDP, 2013b). In all MENA countries, groundwater has allowed the expansion of irrigation in arid/desert areas, where no rain fed agriculture is possible (Stack, 2009;Adriansen, 2009;Ben Hounet et al, 2011;Manseur, 2017). The expansion of groundwater-based agriculture into desert lands of the MENA region has become a strategy for either individuals or corporate entities or for the governments, in a bid to provide settlement/livelihood opportunities and boost agricultural production and/or exports (Sims, 2015).…”

Section: Topics Of Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater-based agriculture in arid land : the case of Azraq Basin, Jordan

Naber¹

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Section: Groundwater Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Topics Of Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Groundwater-based agriculture in arid land : the case of Azraq Basin, Jordan

Naber¹

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The pieces of the smallholder puzzle: The add‐in role of farmers' characteristics in irrigation improvement projects in the old lands of Egypt

Salman

Fertő

Pék

et al. 2022

Irrigation and Drainage

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Irrigation development is essential for reducing vulnerability to water resource scarcity, food insecurity, and climate change impacts in Egypt. The centralized irrigation development must, however, overcome the challenges of the diversity of smallholders and the pre‐existing, individualistic irrigation management. The purpose of this paper is to examine the farmers' characteristics that influence the design and success of irrigation improvement programmes in the Old Lands of Egypt. The paper investigates this issue from the perspectives of farmers by analysing farm features, agricultural practices, irrigation practices, and satisfaction with water services. The clustering method is applied to create farmer groups within the geographical area of the programme and seek consistent differences that affect the outcome of irrigation improvement. The results show that farmers are less diverse in their agrotechnology and more heterogenous in terms of capacities, livelihood sources, and land tenure structures. The article argues that grouping methods to deploy improved irrigation infrastructure should give more consideration to the farmers' individual features. Programmes intended to replicate such irrigation development or leverage the existing results should address these particularities to create a socially adaptive environment for future irrigation investment in Egypt.

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Bidirectional coupling between land‐use change and desertification in arid areas: A study contrasting intracoupling and telecoupling

Zhang

2021

Land Degrad Dev

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In arid areas, land-use change interacts with desertification through water resources.Since water is flowing, the interaction between land-use change and desertification is not only local, but also regional. Previous studies have focused on the unidirectional influence of land-use change on desertification, but little research has quantitatively examined the bidirectional coupling, especially contrasting the difference between intracoupling (interactions within a sub-catchment) and telecoupling (interactions across different sub-catchments) within a hydraulically linked watershed. To solve this issue, we introduced a vector autoregressive model and designed a strategy from intracoupling to telecoupling to examine the interactions between them in the Tarim River. In intracoupling, a negative relationship was found in most areas. The increase of the land-use degree inhibits the desertification expansion, and this inhibition degree in the short term increases with the desertification degree. Conversely, the effect of desertification on land use is relatively smaller, and the feedback direction is related to land-use degree. The region with a relatively low farmland exploitation intensity shows negative feedback and vice versa. In telecoupling, a positive relationship was found: Increasing land-use degree in upstream sub-catchment aggravates the desertification expansion in midstream and downstream sub-catchments. Regarding the opposing unidirectional effect, after desertification expansion in midstream and downstream sub-catchments, humans will slow down land exploitation in the upstream sub-catchment, but this behaviour has a certain time lag. This study demonstrates that the special relationship found in telecoupling should be considered in the model development of desertification and land-use simulation.

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Land reclamation in Egypt: A study of life in the new lands

Cited by 92 publications

References 12 publications

Groundwater-based agriculture in arid land : the case of Azraq Basin, Jordan

Groundwater-based agriculture in arid land : the case of Azraq Basin, Jordan

The pieces of the smallholder puzzle: The add‐in role of farmers' characteristics in irrigation improvement projects in the old lands of Egypt

Bidirectional coupling between land‐use change and desertification in arid areas: A study contrasting intracoupling and telecoupling

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