“…Therefore, the lack of farming usage during the whole year may cause low soil fertility [74]. The main limiting factors of the moderate class (C3) and low class (C4) were the soil depth, high percentage of calcium carbonates, and hardpan layers [75,76], yet C4 has more limitations compared to C3. The soils of the marginal class (C5) occupied the low land (sabkhas) whereas the high salt content was due to the sea water percolation and high evaporation [77].…”
Section: Multivariate Statistical For Land Evaluationmentioning
The development of the agricultural sector is considered the backbone of sustainable development in Egypt. While the developing countries of the world face many challenges regarding food security due to rapid population growth and limited agricultural resources, this study aimed to assess the soils of Sidi Barrani and Salloum using multivariate analysis to determine the land capability and crop suitability for potential alternative crop uses, based on using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) and the Almagra model of MicroLEIS. In total, 24 soil profiles were dug, to represent the geomorphic units of the study area, and the soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed in laboratory. The land capability assessment was classified into five significant classes (C1 to C5) based on AHC and PCA analyses. The class C1 represents the highest capable class while C5 is assigned to lowest class. The results indicated that about 7% of the total area was classified as highly capable land (C1), which is area characterized by high concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K) and low soil salinity value. However, about 52% of the total area was assigned to moderately high class (C2), and 29% was allocated in moderate class (C3), whilst the remaining area (12%) was classified as the low (C4) and not capable (C5) classes, due to soil limitations such as shallow soil depth, high salinity, and increased erosion susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the Almagra soil suitability model for ten crops were described into four suitability classes, while about 37% of the study area was allocated in the highly suitable class (S2) for wheat, olive, alfalfa, sugar beet and fig. Furthermore, 13% of the area was categorized as highly suitable soil (S2) for citrus and peach. On the other hand, about 50% of the total area was assigned to the marginal class (S4) for most of the selected crops. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis, mapping land capability and modeling the soil suitability for diverse crops help the decision makers with regard to potential agricultural development.
“…Therefore, the lack of farming usage during the whole year may cause low soil fertility [74]. The main limiting factors of the moderate class (C3) and low class (C4) were the soil depth, high percentage of calcium carbonates, and hardpan layers [75,76], yet C4 has more limitations compared to C3. The soils of the marginal class (C5) occupied the low land (sabkhas) whereas the high salt content was due to the sea water percolation and high evaporation [77].…”
Section: Multivariate Statistical For Land Evaluationmentioning
The development of the agricultural sector is considered the backbone of sustainable development in Egypt. While the developing countries of the world face many challenges regarding food security due to rapid population growth and limited agricultural resources, this study aimed to assess the soils of Sidi Barrani and Salloum using multivariate analysis to determine the land capability and crop suitability for potential alternative crop uses, based on using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) and the Almagra model of MicroLEIS. In total, 24 soil profiles were dug, to represent the geomorphic units of the study area, and the soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed in laboratory. The land capability assessment was classified into five significant classes (C1 to C5) based on AHC and PCA analyses. The class C1 represents the highest capable class while C5 is assigned to lowest class. The results indicated that about 7% of the total area was classified as highly capable land (C1), which is area characterized by high concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K) and low soil salinity value. However, about 52% of the total area was assigned to moderately high class (C2), and 29% was allocated in moderate class (C3), whilst the remaining area (12%) was classified as the low (C4) and not capable (C5) classes, due to soil limitations such as shallow soil depth, high salinity, and increased erosion susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the Almagra soil suitability model for ten crops were described into four suitability classes, while about 37% of the study area was allocated in the highly suitable class (S2) for wheat, olive, alfalfa, sugar beet and fig. Furthermore, 13% of the area was categorized as highly suitable soil (S2) for citrus and peach. On the other hand, about 50% of the total area was assigned to the marginal class (S4) for most of the selected crops. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis, mapping land capability and modeling the soil suitability for diverse crops help the decision makers with regard to potential agricultural development.
“…The agricultural soil in the Nile valley originates from the weathering of the mafic/ultramafic rocks of the Ethiopian plateau and deposition as sediment downstream. The thickness of this flood plain soil is about 1.5 m with clay, silt clay and sand clay loam texture (Mohamed et al 2019 ). Fig.…”
This study focuses on the assessment of surface soils from industrially polluted region (El Tebbin) of southern Cairo, Egypt. The impact of agricultural, residential and industrial land use on soils developed from Nile river sediments has significantly compromised their function. Previous evidence has shown that the food chain is contaminated and enhances risk of contaminant exposure of the residential communities. This study investigates factors controlling potentially toxic element (PTE) distribution (Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr and Cu) in El Tebbin soils and provide estimates of their mobility and bioavailability. The PTE concentrations are characterised by high variability as result of the variety of natural and anthropogenic influences. Highest spatial variability is found for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu (C.V = 260.0%, 280.4%, 140.8% and 159.6% respectively) and enrichment factors indicate strong anthropogenic inputs. For Co and Ni, relatively low spatial variability (C.V = 65.8% and 45.0% respectively) with depletion in Ni suggests a relatively minor contribution from anthropogenic sources. For Cr, a more uniform distribution pattern showing depletion to minimal enrichment across the study area (C.V = 19.2%) reflects almost exclusive lithogenic control. Using principle component analysis (PCA) to explore concentration data reveals that the major inputs affecting PTE distribution are modified by primary soil properties (texture and pH). Their relative bioavailability (identified through sequential chemical extraction) relates strongly to local input sources. Those elements dominated by lithogenic input (Ni and Co) were found predominantly in soil residual fractions (95.6% and 90.5% respectively), while elements with stronger anthropogenic contributions (Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu) showed much higher portion in the more mobile and bioavailable fractions obtained from sequential chemical extraction, with average proportions of the totals being 62.6%, 57%, 40.7% and 39.2% respectively. Those PTEs with strong anthropogenic influence are potentially much more mobile for bioaccumulation in food chain with increased health risk for exposed residents and are confirmed by elevated concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu recorded in local plant species. The main pollution sources were further highlighted by cluster analysis and showed vehicle traffic and specific industrial activities but which varied significantly from site to site. The identification of sources through the approach developed here allows prioritisation of monitoring and regulatory decisions by the local government to reduce further environmental exposure of the local population.
“…Soil degradation issue is one of the most important factors that threaten the crop production thereby refl ecting on food security particularly in arid and semi-arid regions [9]. Many countries in arid and semi-arid lands of Sub-Saharan Africa are challenged by land degradation, low water productivity and high rainfall variability which are often associated with climate change [10,11].Land degradation is a major cause for poverty in rural areas of developing countries [12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many countries in arid and semi-arid lands of Sub-Saharan Africa are challenged by land degradation, low water productivity and high rainfall variability which are often associated with climate change [10,11].Land degradation is a major cause for poverty in rural areas of developing countries [12]. Mitigation of land degradation impacts depends on understanding the natural cause of degradation [9]. For example extensively cultivated on steeply slope farmlands has led to highly susceptible to water erosion in the rainy seasons [13,14] that resulted decline in soil productivity [15].…”
The arid and semi-arid regions comprise more than forty present of the Earth's land surface on which a large number of people situated and largely engaged in agriculture to meet their basic needs. However, agriculture in these regions are highly infl uenced by several factors including water limitation, extreme heat, frequent drought, bared and marginal soil, vulnerable topography for natural hazards, erosive rain and wind. In order to cope with these challenges a number of essential scientifi c investigation and cultural practices have continuously released, modifi ed and recommended to sustain agriculture production in these regions. Some of these indispensable investigation and practice included that soil and water conservation, rain water harvesting and supplementary irrigation, use of stress tolerant crops and integrating of diverse farming system. So in this review it is attempted to discuss several points concerning arid and semi-arid land agricultural constraints and management action carried out to solve such constraints.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
