Land degradation, famine, and land resource scenarios in Ethiopia

Hurni, Hans

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511735394.004

Cited by 307 publications

(325 citation statements)

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“…Since the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments is dominated by steeply sloping areas, an estimated soil loss in this area is greater than the soil loss estimation of the Ethiopian highlands which was done by Anjeni research unit of SCRP [15] [16]. According to the Anjeni research unit of SCRP [15], measured annual soil loss from Northwestern Highlands of Gojjam reaches up to 320 t/ha/year.…”

Section: Estimated Soil Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia

Amsalu¹,

Mengaw²

2014

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Soil degradation in the form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi Tehinan Woreda. Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, overgrazing and exploitation of biomass for firewood, construction and other household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil erosion. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. Therefore, the overall objective of this paper is to quantify and map an estimated soil loss by examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the study area. This study had integrated Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. Slope gradient, slope length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall variables were used as input model parameters/variables. The data had been collected and analyzed from different land sat imageries, SRTM data, topomaps and point interpolations of primary data. Finally, the aggregated effects of all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated using RUSEL models. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments.

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Section: Estimated Soil Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conservation practice factor (P-value) map. ured annual soil loss from Northwestern Highlands of Gojjam reaches up to 320 t/ha/year [15], 243 t/ha/year [6] and 300 t/ha/year [16] from bare and agricultural lands of the area.…”

Section: Estimated Soil Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia

Amsalu¹,

Mengaw²

2014

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“…Studies conducted in Ethiopian highlands show that soil erosion is seen as a direct result of the historical human settlement in the highlands because of its favorable climatic conditions, political factors and soil fertility (Hurni, 1993;Keesstra et al, 2016). Inappropriate land use, poor farming practices and removal of the natural vegetation aggravate soil erosion and so productivity declines, resulting in food insecurity for smallholding farmers (Adimassu et al, 2014;Angassa, 2014;Bravo-Espinosa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia

Molla¹,

Sisheber²

2017

Solid Earth

139

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Abstract. Soil erosion is one of the major factors affecting sustainability of agricultural production in Ethiopia. The objective of this paper is to estimate soil erosion using the universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and to evaluate soil conservation practices in a data-scarce watershed region. For this purpose, soil data, rainfall, erosion control practices, satellite images and topographic maps were collected to determine the RUSLE factors. In addition, measurements of randomly selected soil and water conservation structures were done at three sub-watersheds (Asanat, Debreyakob and Rim). This study was conducted in Koga watershed at upper part of the Blue Nile basin which is affected by high soil erosion rates. The area is characterized by undulating topography caused by intensive agricultural practices with poor soil conservation practices. The soil loss rates were determined and conservation strategies have been evaluated under different slope classes and land uses. The results showed that the watershed is affected by high soil erosion rates (on average 42 t ha −1 yr −1 ), greater than the maximum tolerable soil loss (18 t ha −1 yr −1 ). The highest soil loss (456 t ha −1 yr −1 ) estimated from the upper watershed occurred on cultivated lands of steep slopes. As a result, soil erosion is mainly aggravated by land-use conflicts and topographic factors and the rugged topographic land forms of the area. The study also demonstrated that the contribution of existing soil conservation structures to erosion control is very small due to incorrect design and poor management. About 35 % out of the existing structures can reduce soil loss significantly since they were constructed correctly. Most of the existing structures were demolished due to the sediment overload, vulnerability to livestock damage and intense rainfall. Therefore, appropriate and standardized soil and water conservation measures for different erosion-prone land uses and land forms need to be implemented in Koga watershed.

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“…The estimated annual soil loss in Ethiopia is approximately 1.5 billion tons and soil nutrient losses may be as high as 30 kg ha -1 of nitrogen and 15-20 kg ha -1 or more of phosphorous (FAO 1986;Hurni 1993). Sustainable use and management of soil are thus pivotal in order to enhance the immense role of agriculture in the present economic development of Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Indigenous Soil Conservation Technology in the Chencha Area, Southern Ethiopia: Origin, Characteristics, and Sustainability

Assefa

Bork

2014

AMBIO

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The purpose of this study is to examine the origin, development, and characteristics of terraces (kella), plus their potentials and determinants for sustainable use in the Chencha-Dorze Belle area of southern Ethiopia. Field surveys were conducted to determine the various parameters of the indigenous terraces and in order to collect samples for radiocarbon dating. To identify farmers' views of the terrace systems, semi-structured interviews and group discussions were also carried out. Terraces were built and used-as radiocarbon dating proves-at least over the last 800 years. The long-term continued usage of the indigenous terraces is the result of social commitments, the structural features of the terraces, and the farmers' responses to the dynamics of social and cultural circumstances. We dubbed that the terraces are a success story of fruitful environmental management over generations. Thus, a strong need is to preserve and develop this important cultural heritage and example of sustainable land use.

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Land degradation, famine, and land resource scenarios in Ethiopia

Cited by 307 publications

References 0 publications

GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia

GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia

Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia

Long-Term Indigenous Soil Conservation Technology in the Chencha Area, Southern Ethiopia: Origin, Characteristics, and Sustainability

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