Land cover and potential for tsunami evacuation in rapidly growing urban areas. The case of Boca Sur (San Pedro de la Paz, Chile)

Qüense, Jorge; Martı́nez, Carolina; León, Jorge; Aránguiz, Rafael; Inzunza, Simón; Guerrero, Nikol; Chamorro, Alondra; Bonet, Malcom

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102747

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Evacuation models can be classified under 'dynamic' and 'static' approaches, and the most used 'static' models are least-cost-distance (LCD) approaches implemented geographic information systems (GIS) to an optimal path selection approach to improve upon route selection based only on the shortest path via measuring the paths with the shortest travel times (from every endangered location) to safety sites [40]. It depends on current evacuation conditions considering different scenarios and urban fabric.…”

Section: The Soft Measures (Evacuation Plans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamic approach uses an evacuation behavior model that identifies tsunami evacuation destination and time according to several human behaviors such as (population characteristics -population distributionsdensity population in risk area-level of educationdifferent walking speeds and barrier-free evacuation routes for the elderly and handicapped), and the aim of this study is mitigation that would promote urban resilience [40].…”

Section: The Soft Measures (Evacuation Plans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Regional to Local Level: An Integrated Planning Framework for Cities Facing Tsunami Risk – Alexandria Case, Egypt

Seddeek¹,

Elsayed²

2022

cea

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The northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea is considered the most seismically active region in the world where a tsunami can occur at any moment. Alexandria is one of the biggest and most populated cities on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and it is threatened by the tsunami. By reviewing most of the planning studies that targeted the future of Alexandria and its region, the paper finds the missing piece of an integrated planning framework that needs to be applied. The deductive method is used to infer the missing parts in the different studies to produce an integrated planning framework which consists of three phases illustrating timing response named as during, before, and after the disaster. The seven processes representing the three phases can be defined as vulnerability, assessment, planning, coping, mitigation, response, and recovery; the previous process detailed into eight stages which are named background research, communication, risk determination, command, forecasting, prediction, emergency relief and rehabilitation. The interview technique is used to get the suggestions and the feedback from urban planning experts to improve the framework. The proposed framework will be sustained and increase awareness at the institutional level about the coastal communities at risk and put forward suggestions on how to withstand natural phenomena like tsunamis and mitigate their destructive effects.

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Section: The Soft Measures (Evacuation Plans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Soft Measures (Evacuation Plans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Regional to Local Level: An Integrated Planning Framework for Cities Facing Tsunami Risk – Alexandria Case, Egypt

Seddeek¹,

Elsayed²

2022

cea

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Environmental factors in tsunami evacuation simulation: topography, traffic jam, human behaviour

Fathianpour,

Evans,

Babaeian Jelodar

et al. 2024

Nat Hazards

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The risk a tsunami, a high-rise wave, poses to coastal cities has been highlighted in recent years. Emergency management agencies have become more prepared, and new policies and strategies are in place to strengthen the city's resiliency to such events. Evacuation is a highly effective response to tsunamis, and recent models and simulations have provided valuable insights into mass evacuation scenarios. However, the accuracy of these simulations can be improved by accounting for additional environmental factors that affect the impact of a tsunami event. To this end, this study has been conducted to enhance an evacuation simulation model by considering topography that impacts traffic mobility and speed, traffic congestion, and human behaviour. The updated model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Napier City's current evacuation plan, as it can realistically simulate both pedestrian and vehicular traffic movements simultaneously. The simulation demonstrated in this paper was based on a scenario involving an 8.4 Mw earthquake from the Hikurangi subduction interface, which would trigger a tsunami risk in the area. Based on this event, the final evacuation time (time between after the shake is felt and the arrival of the tsunami wave at the shoreline of Napier City) is considered to be 50 min. The results of the MSEM model are presented within two categories, (1) survival rate and (2) safe zone capacity. The evacuation simulation model used to examine the environmental factors in this study is the Micro-Simulation Evacuation Model (MSEM), an agent-based model capable of considering both pedestrian and vehicular interactions. The results showed that the steep pathway to the safe zone would markedly decrease the moving speed and reduce the survival rate, highlighting the need to have supporting vertical evacuation to reduce the number of evacuees heading to steep routes. Additionally, the modelling and assessment of mass evacuation by vehicles has highlighted regions of severe congestion due to insufficient network capacity. Through highlighting such regions, the model aid policy makers with a more targeted approach to infrastructure investment to improve flows of traffic in mass evacuation scenarios and increase survival rates.

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Factors affecting the intention to prepare for tsunami in Thailand

Ong

Prasetyo

Kusonwattana

et al. 2023

Ocean & Coastal Management

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Land cover and potential for tsunami evacuation in rapidly growing urban areas. The case of Boca Sur (San Pedro de la Paz, Chile)

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

From Regional to Local Level: An Integrated Planning Framework for Cities Facing Tsunami Risk – Alexandria Case, Egypt

From Regional to Local Level: An Integrated Planning Framework for Cities Facing Tsunami Risk – Alexandria Case, Egypt

Environmental factors in tsunami evacuation simulation: topography, traffic jam, human behaviour

Factors affecting the intention to prepare for tsunami in Thailand

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