“…Although definitions of resilience can vary, it is most often defined as reduced vulnerability to environmental risk experiences, the overcoming of stress or adversity, or a relatively good outcome despite acute distress (Liebenberg, 2020; Masten, 2015; Rutter, 2012; Ungar, 2013). Albeit diverse, based on unique histories, cultures, and languages, Indigenous perspectives of resilience are often grounded at a cultural level and are focused on the relationships that exist between community and culture across generations and geographical settings (Isbister-Bear et al, 2017; Hatala et al, 2020; Rowhani & Hatala, 2017; Toombs et al, 2016). From the perspectives of First Nations in southern Canada, for example, resilience has been defined as a person’s ability to thrive despite a history of colonial influences and the effects of this history, as well as cultural connectedness and revitalization of language, spirituality, and culture (Hatala et al, 2016; Kirmayer et al, 2011; Snowshoe et al, 2017).…”