Lance Nematode, Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchoidea: Hoplolaimidae)

Crow, William T.; Brammer, Angela S.

doi:10.32473/edis-in390-2001

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Hoplolaimus galeatus parasitises a wide variety of hosts (Appendix A ). Many trees, crops and grasses are subject to damage (Crow and Brammer, 2015 ). Main hosts (based on the severity of symptoms and the relevance for EU agriculture/forestry) include pines, cotton and species in the Poaceae family.…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turf, the nematode infection results in patches of chlorotic plants. The patches enlarge over time with wilting plants showing dark necrotic roots lacking normal development of lateral roots (Crow and Brammer, 2015 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants which could potentially be affected in the EU include: barley, wheat, rye, red and white clover, alfalfa, beans, cabbage, pine, spruce, oak, apple, grapevine, as well as various ornamental plants and turf (Appendix A ). Well‐documented cases of impact relate to oak (Viggars and Tarjan, 1949 ), cotton (Krusberg and Sasser, 1956 ), pine (Ruehle, 1962 ; Ruehle and Sasser, 1962 ), sycamore (Churchill and Ruehle, 1971 ; Ruehle, 1971 ) and turf (Crow and Brammer, 2015 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) for the EU. H. galeatus belongs to the order Rhabditida, subfamily Hoplolaiminae. This nematode is not reported from the EU and is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. It is widely distributed in the USA and is also reported from South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. The identity of H. galeatus is clearly defined and methods for its identification are available. H. galeatus is polyphagous and natural hosts include barley, wheat, rye, red and white clover, alfalfa, cabbage, pine, spruce, oak, apple, grapevine, as well as various ornamental plants and turf grasses. These hosts are grown over vast areas of the EU. The climate of the EU is suitable for the establishment of H. galeatus. Pathways of entry are host plants for planting except seeds, but also soil as a contaminant. Soil import to the EU is prohibited and special requirements apply to import of machinery for agricultural/forestry purposes from third countries. Impact of the nematode is best known for North American plant species. The nematode has been reported to damage cotton, maize, soybean, pine, oak and turfgrass. Many of the hosts represent a considerable economic and environmental value to the EU. Therefore, the Panel concludes that H. galeatus satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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“…Apple, Malus domestica is recorded as a host of lance nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus (Pokharel, 2001;Crow & Brammer, 2001).…”

Section: Host Status On Malus Domesticamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…galeatus is a serious pest in native lawns and golf courses. It is considered an economically important pest of turfgrasses in Florida (Mac Gowan and Dunn, 1998;Nemaplex;Crow and Brammer, 2001) where it is ranked immediately after sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus), which is considered the most damaging nematode species to turfgrasses (Crow and Brammer, 2001;Crow, 2015). H. galeatus can also be very damaging to many crops, such as cotton, soybeans, alfalfa, and corn (Siddiqi, 2000;Ye, 2018).…”

Section: Reported Evidence Of Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by dormant grafted plants, rootstocks, budwood and scions of Malus domestica imported from Turkey, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Turkey. All pests associated with the commodities were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. Three quarantine pests ( Anoplophora chinensis , Lopholeucaspis japonica and tomato ringspot virus), one protected zone quarantine pest ( Erwinia amylovora ) and eight non‐regulated pests ( Calepitrimerus baileyi, Cenopalpus irani, Cicadatra persica, Diplodia bulgarica, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Malacosoma parallela, Pratylenchus loosi and Pyrolachnus pyri ) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For E. amylovora, special requirements are specified in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Based on the information provided in the dossier, the specific requirements for E. amylovora were not met. For Anoplophora chinensis , special measures are specified in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2012/138. The exporting country does meet the requirement for a certificate regarding plants for planting that originate from Turkish provinces other than Istanbul. For the 10 remaining selected pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Turkey were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For the selected pests an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with D. bulgarica being the pest most frequently expected on the imported plants. The expert knowledge elicitation indicated with 95% certainty that between 9,863 and 10,000 bundles (consisting of 10 or 25 plants each) per 10,000 would be free from D. bulgarica .

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Lance Nematode, Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchoidea: Hoplolaimidae)

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus

Pest categorisation of Hoplolaimus galeatus

Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey

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