“…However, ductile Nb and Mo metal particles have also been added to ZrB 2 [8,9], which has been observed to favour crack deflection and branching as well as to promote stress relaxation near the crack tip [8]. The incorporation of high aspect ratio reinforcements, such as carbon fibres [10,11] and nanotubes [12], graphite flakes [13][14][15][16], and SiC whiskers [17][18][19][20], fibres [17,18], or platelets [21] further reduces the brittleness of the ZrB 2 -based composites, which is attributed to the combination of debonding, pull-out, and bridging of these reinforcements as well as enhanced crack deflection and crack pinning. Finally, another interesting strategy lies in dispersing within the ZrB 2 matrix a second phase with phase-transformation capability, such as ZrO 2 [22][23][24][25][26].…”