Laminar Forced Convection of a Water‐TiO₂ Nanofluid in Annuli Considering Mass Conservation for Particles

Abstract

Hydrothermal characteristics of a water‐TiO2 nanofluid were evaluated numerically within annuli considering the effects of particle migration. The convective heat transfer coefficients increased at both inner and outer walls of the annulus by raising the concentration. Along the annulus, the friction coefficient decreased more rapidly at lower Reynolds numbers. Taking the particle migration into account, a nonuniform concentration distribution was observed at the annulus cross section, higher heat transfer coefficients were obtained at both walls, and the velocity profile became flatter. In addition, the influence of thermophoresis on the convective heat transfer proved to be more significant than that of Brownian diffusion.

Buongiorno’s model for double-diffusive mixed convective stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid considering diffusiophoresis effect of binary base fluid

“…Buongiorno based on these two effects. It is worth to mentioning that the nano-94 fluid model proposed by Buongiorno [6] was recently used by Nield 95 and Kuznetsov [7], Bachok et al [8], Pop and Khan [9], Kuznetsov 96 and Nield [10], and other researchers [11][12][13][14][15] in their papers. 97 Free convection is caused by the temperature difference of the 98 fluid at different locations and forced convection is the flow of heat 99 due to the cause of some external applied forces.…”

Studying flow and heat transfer characteristics of magnetic nanofluid under the effect of magnetic field using Euler- Lagrange approach

“…In order to analyze the relation between heat transfer performance and pressure drop, a correlation for the figure of merit (FoM) is used as below. This correlation which was also applied in [27] can indicate the relative increase in heat transfer to pressure drop.…”

Covalent Functionalization of Graphene for the Enhancement of Thermophysical Properties in Nanofluids

“…Fig. 5 shows the zeta potential values of raw graphene and functionalized graphene nanofluids observed at different pH ranges (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The zeta potential of raw graphene nanofluid at pH 7 was found to be -18.81 mV, which is unstable.…”

“…Nanofluids are engineered suspensions prepared by suspending nanometric-sized particles in base fluids like water, oil, etc., which can provide an inventive way to boost their heat transport characteristics [1]. The high specific surface area and Brownian motion of nanoparticles improve the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids [2]. Nanofluids can be considered as future coolants in various applications since they possess enhanced thermal conductivity, heat transfer rate, and critical heat flux compared to conventional coolants [3].…”