Laminar burning velocity of gases vented from failed Li-ion batteries

Henriksen, Mathias; Vaagsaether, Knut; Lundberg, Joachim; Forseth, Sissel; Bjerketvedt, Dag

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230141

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In commercial batteries, many side reactions may occur during TR [100,129]. Their heat/gas generation and gas composition are usually sensitive to cell chemistry and SOC [118] and may also vary at different stages of TR [108], which are not straightforward to measure, quantify and therefore model. The lack of understanding of gas composition and volume makes it difficult to build robust venting and combustion models.…”

Section: Discussion On Battery Safety Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the challenges in accurate measurement of venting gas composition, ejection flow, and combustion reaction mechanisms, a comprehensive simulation of fires produced by flammable gases and other battery materials venting from a battery cell has not been conducted [113]. Most of the existing studies [114][115][116][117][118] aimed to analyze the explosion characteristics or combustion properties of the vented gases and estimate their flammability risk and combustion intensity. The explosion characteristics include (but not limited to) combustion energy [114], laminar burning velocity [115,118], explosion pressure [116][117][118], pressure rise rate [116,118], and laminar flame speed [117,118].…”

Section: Combustion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the existing studies [114][115][116][117][118] aimed to analyze the explosion characteristics or combustion properties of the vented gases and estimate their flammability risk and combustion intensity. The explosion characteristics include (but not limited to) combustion energy [114], laminar burning velocity [115,118], explosion pressure [116][117][118], pressure rise rate [116,118], and laminar flame speed [117,118]. It was found that the explosion characteristics of venting gases depend on cell chemistry and SOC [117] and could be similar to that of natural gases like propane [115,116].…”

Section: Combustion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in battery safety modeling

et al. 2022

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Battery safety is a critical factor in the design of electrified vehicles. As such, understanding the battery responses under extreme conditions have gained a lot of interest. Previously, abuse tolerance tests were applied to measure the safety metrics of different types of batteries. Nevertheless, conducting these tests in various conditions is usually expensive and time consuming. Computational modeling, on the other hand, provides an efficient and cost-effective tool to evaluate battery performance during abuse, and therefore has been widely used in optimizing the battery system design. In this Perspective, we discuss the main progresses and challenges in battery safety modeling. In particular, we divide the battery safety models into two groups according to the stage in a typical battery failure process. The first group focuses on predicting the failure conditions of batteries in different scenarios, while the second one aims to evaluate the hazard after the onset of battery failure like thermal runaway. Although the models in these groups serve different purposes, they are intercorrelated and their combination provides a better understanding of the failure process of a battery system. The framework, capabilities, and limitations of typical models in each group are presented here. The main challenges in building battery safety models and their future development and applications are also discussed.

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Section: Discussion On Battery Safety Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in battery safety modeling

et al. 2022

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“…Early investigations of battery fires focused on calculating combustion properties using combustion kinetics models. 178 , 179 , 180 Recently, CFD models for LIB fires have emerged, 78 , 124 , 167 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 181 , 182 enabling reliable predictions of physical field distributions outside LIBs. Nonetheless, challenges remain, such as explaining the generation mechanism of multiphase materials involved in the typical multiphase process of LIB venting and fire, which includes emissions of gases, electrode particles, and electrolyte droplets.…”

Section: Developing a Multiphysics Coupling Model For Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and challenges in thermal runaway modeling of lithium-ion batteries

Wang,

Ping,

Kong

et al. 2024

The Innovation

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“…In the realm of gas production from lithium battery TR, extensive research has been conducted. , Numerous studies have identified the primary gases produced during battery TR as H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 8 , among others. , Research by Koch and others highlights the battery’s capacity and energy density as pivotal factors, influencing gas release, TR initiation temperature, and mass loss. A fluid dynamics model developed using OpenFOAM by Kong and colleagues reveals the impact of the battery’s State of Charge (SOC) on the onset time and peak jet speed of gas during TR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Dispersion and Explosion Characteristics of LiFePO₄ Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Gases

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In recent years, as the installed scale of battery energy storage systems (BESS) continues to expand, energy storage system safety incidents have been a fastgrowing trend, sparking widespread concern from all walks of life. During the thermal runaway (TR) process of lithium-ion batteries, a large amount of combustible gas is released. In this paper, the 105 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery TR test was conducted, and the flammable gas components released from the battery TR were detected. The simulation tests of the diffusion and explosion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery's (LFP) TR gases with different numbers and positions in the BESS were carried out using FLACS simulation software. It was found that the more batteries TR simultaneously, the shorter the time for the combustible gas concentration in the energy storage cabin to reach the explosion limit. When 48 batteries were in TR simultaneously in the energy storage cabin, the shortest time was 9.8 s, and the further the location of the fire is from the hatch, the largest explosion overpressure is generated to the hatch, up to 583 kPa. When the gas generated by the TR of 48 batteries explodes, the maximum explosion overpressure at 5 m outside the energy storage cabin hatch is more significant than 40 kPa, which will cause serious injury to humans. The causes of TR of batteries in prefabricated chambers are complex, and the location and amount of thermal runaway of batteries as well as the diffusion of combustible fumes can have different effects on the external environment. The research results can provide support for the safety design of BESS.

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Laminar burning velocity of gases vented from failed Li-ion batteries

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Progress in battery safety modeling

Progress in battery safety modeling

Advances and challenges in thermal runaway modeling of lithium-ion batteries

Simulation of Dispersion and Explosion Characteristics of LiFePO₄ Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Gases

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Laminar burning velocity of gases vented from failed Li-ion batteries

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Progress in battery safety modeling

Progress in battery safety modeling

Advances and challenges in thermal runaway modeling of lithium-ion batteries

Simulation of Dispersion and Explosion Characteristics of LiFePO4 Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Gases

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Simulation of Dispersion and Explosion Characteristics of LiFePO₄ Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Gases