Lambda Interferon Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Macrophages

Abstract

The newly identified type III interferon (IFN-) has antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. We thus examined whether IFN-has the ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (

Inhibition of Anti-HIV MicroRNA Expression

“…23 Real-time RT-PCR for the quantification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA was performed with a mix (iQ SYBR Green Supermix; BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), as previously described. 33,34 The levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA were used as an endogenous reference to normalize the quantities of target mRNA. Extracellular HIV GAG and LTR expression levels were also detected by real-time RT-PCR.…”

Interleukin-2 Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Some Human T Cell Lymphotrophic Virus-1-infected Cell Lines via the Induction and Incorporation of APOBEC3G into the Virion

“…These include HLA-type (1)(2)(3)(4), HIV co-receptor expression (5), the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (6,7), tetherin (BST-2) (8), SAMHD1 (9,10), and an array of cytokines. Some cytokines such as type 1 and type 3 interferons, chemokines (e.g., stromal cell-derived factor 1, macrophage inflammatory factor 1a, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), and IL-27) inhibit HIV replication (11)(12)(13), whereas some enhance replication (IL-6 (14), tumor necrosis factor-␣ (15), IL-12 (16), and colony-stimulating factors (17,18)), and some are capable of either inhibiting or enhancing replication depending upon the culture system and conditions. In this regard, IL-2 has been shown to be capable of suppressing HIV-1 replication through the enhancement of CD8ϩ T cell function and enhancing HIV-1 replication in primary cultures of CD4ϩ T cells (19 -21).…”

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

“…Interestingly, when IFN-e was used in an intranasal/intramuscular heterologous HIV prime-boost immunization, increased HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses were observed in the spleen, genito-rectal draining lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. 27 Furthermore, the recently described type III IFN-k (IL-28/29), which has similar antiviral properties to Type I IFN, has been shown to block HIV-1 infection in macrophages in vitro 28,29 by inhibiting HIV-1 integration and post-transcriptional events. 30 Interestingly, IFN-k receptors are largely restricted to cells of epithelial origin.…”