Lake Fluctuations, Plant Productivity, and Long-Term Variability in High-Elevation Tropical Andean Ecosystems

Carilla, Julieta; Grau, H. Ricardo; Paolini, Leonardo; Morales, Mariano

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-45.2.179

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The region is expected to experience substantial increases in temperature in relation to global atmospheric changes (Izquierdo et al, 2015b); the importance of altitude, a geographic variable highly related to temperature, suggests that significant climatic change can result in significant biotic changes. During the past decades, the region has experienced a significant decrease in rainfall (Carilla et al, 2013;Morales et al, 2015). While our results do not show a strong association between community composition and rainfall, trends in rainfall patterns may result in changes in water ion concentration, which was shown to be a major environmental control.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Modelling beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in High Andean wetlands

et al. 2017

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Central Andean Highlands represent a singular environment characterized by various extreme conditions. Among them, peatbogs are exceptional marshy habitats scattered throughout this arid and harsh area. In an effort to understand the patterns of beta diversity, we sampled the benthic macroinvertebrates of thirteen peatbogs and related the biological distance with ecological distance using the GDM (Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling) approach. Variables analyzed were altitude, geographical distance, physical and chemical parameters of the water. A coefficient based on the ordering properties of count data, from the perspective of both sites and taxa, was used to measure the compositional similarity between samples. The most frequent taxa were: Hyallela, Simuliidae, Andesiops, Austrelmis, Podonominae, Protallagma, Trichocorixa, Orthocladiinae and Glossiphonidae. The highest altitudinal record ever for leeches is reported here. Altitude and conductivity contributed greatly to the single ecological predictor of beta diversity. Sampling points can be classified first by altitude (cutoff sets at 4200 m), which can be considered a surrogate of a regional factor (distinction between Puna and High Andean ecoregions) and then by conductivity (cutoff sets at 135 µS cm -1 ), which can be considered a proxy of a local factor (distinction between hyperfresh and more mineralized habitats). These results suggest a system of ecological filters acting on them.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Modelling beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in High Andean wetlands

et al. 2017

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“…The 2008 – 2012 humid period in Huaca Huasi corresponds to a slowing down of the global trend in temperature increase, evidenced in other tropical areas (Clement & DiNezio, ). These inter‐annual variability cycles may help explain temperatures, precipitation, lake levels, and hence vegetation variations over that period, observed in other Andean systems (Carilla et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The area suffered a period of drought since 1980, evidenced in a general decrease of lake levels (Halloy, 2002, Casagranda, 2010, until 2012, when lakes reached the highest levels recorded in recent years (Carilla, unpubl.). During the period 2008 -2012, the area was influenced by the coupled oceanic -atmospheric event, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) -La Niña phase, manifested by higher precipitation at this elevation (Supporting Information Supporting Information Figure S1), like other subtropical and tropical high Andean areas (Carilla, Grau, Paolini, & Morales, 2013;Morales et al, 2015). On the contrary, El Niño phase is linked to dry periods at these elevations (e.g., El Niño 1997-98, 2003-04, 2015-2016Morales et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cumbres Calchaquíes Is Characterized By High Diversity Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation trends over eleven years on mountain summits in NW Argentina

Carilla

Halloy

Cuello

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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As global climate change leads to warmer and dryer conditions in the central Andes, alpine plant communities are forced to upward displacements following their climatic niche. Species range shifts are predicted to have major impacts on alpine communities by reshuffling species composition and abundances. Using a standardized protocol, we surveyed alpine plant communities in permanent plots on four high Andean summits in NW Argentina, which range from 4,040 to 4,740 m a.s.l. After a baseline survey in 2006–2008, we resurvey the same plots in 2012, and again in 2017. We found a significant decrease in plant cover, species richness, and diversity across the elevation gradient in the three censuses and a strong decrease in soil temperature along the elevation gradient. We found a high plant community turnover (37%–49%) among censuses, differentiating according to summits and aspects; major changes of community turnover were observed in the lowest summit (49%) and on the northern (47%) and western (46%) aspects. Temporal patterns in community changes were represented by increases in plant cover in the highest summit, in species richness in the lower summit, and in diversity (Shannon index) in the four summits, over time, together with increase in small herbs and non‐tussock grasses. We suggest that the observed trend in plant community dynamics responds to short‐term temperature and precipitation variability, which is influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and due to time lags in plant community response, it may take much longer than one decade for the observed trends to become stables and statistically significant. Our study provides an important foundation for documenting more profound changes in these subtropical alpine plant communities as global climate change continues.

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“…Al presente, se han documentado cambios significativos en las temperaturas, aumento paulatino en regímenes de precipitación y cambios en los patrones climáticos estacionales de la región, y una tendencia a la aridización en las zonas del Altiplano (e.g., Minetti and González 2006;Gonzáles 2009;Marengo et al 2011;Carrilla et al 2013;Morales et al 2015), y también modificaciones en las condiciones edáficas producto de actividades antrópicas (e.g., Grau et al 2005). En relación al cambio climático proyectado, a escala del Altiplano se espera una disminución significativa de las precipitaciones al final de este siglo (Minvielle and Garreaud 2011) y un aumento de las temperaturas, especialmente a mayor altitud (Urrutia and Vuille 2009).…”

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Cambio climático y modelado de distribución de especies de Stevia (Asteraceae) en el noroeste de la Argentina

et al. 2017

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R��. La elevada biodiversidad y riqueza específica, junto con una gran variedad de ecosistemas, convierten al noroeste de la Argentina (NOA) en un área adecuada para estudiar los posibles efectos del cambio climático sobre la distribución de los organismos. Asteraceae es una familia de plantas con flores bien representada en esta área; en especial, el género Stevia, con 25 especies que habitan diferentes ambientes. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) modelar la aptitud de hábitat para cinco especies de Stevia que habitan el noroeste argentino, y 2) proyectar dicha aptitud bajo un posible escenario de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero para el año 2050. Se analizaron las especies S. alpina, S. breviaristata, S. minor, S. vaga y S. yaconensis. Los resultados mostraron que, al comparar los mapas basados en condiciones climáticas actuales y futuras, todas las especies de Stevia sufrirían modificaciones en sus rangos de aptitud. Las tendencias observadas en ambos escenarios climáticos futuros son similares, aunque más drásticas en el modelo rcp8.5. El área de aptitud de Stevia alpina, S. breviaristata y S. minor se vería reducida, mientras que la de S. vaga y S. yaconensis aumentaría. Excepto S. minor, las especies presentaron una tendencia principal a migrar del este al oeste, un fenómeno conocido como desplazamiento en altura. Stevia minor sería la especie más afectada en un escenario de mayor emisión de gases; sufriría una reducción mayor a 80% para valores de aptitud superiores a 0.65. [Palabras clave: distribución potencial, nicho climático]A��. Climatic change and species modeling of Stevia (Asteraceae) in northwestern Argentina. The high biodiversity and species richness, along with a great variety of ecosystems, turn northwestern Argentina into an adequate area for study the possible effects of climate change on the distribution of organisms. Asteraceae is a well-represented family of flowering plants in this area; especially, the genus Stevia, with 25 species which inhabit different environments. The goals of this study were: 1) to model habitat suitability for five species of Stevia distributed in northwestern Argentina, and 2) to project such suitability under a possible greenhouse gas emission scenario by 2050. Species S. alpina, S. breviaristata, S. minor, S. vaga and S. yaconensis were analyzed. Results showed that, when comparing maps based on current and future climatic conditions, all Stevia species would undergo changes in their fitness ranges. The trends observed in both future climate scenarios are similar, although they show more drastic consequences in the rcp8.5 model. Stevia alpina, S. breviaristata and S. minor reduce their area of aptitude, while S. vaga and S. yaconensis experience an increase of said area. Except for S. minor, the species showed a major tendency to migrate from East to West, a phenomenon known as altitude shift. Stevia minor would be the more affected species in a higher gas emission scenario since it will suffer a reduction greater than 80% for its suita...

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Lake Fluctuations, Plant Productivity, and Long-Term Variability in High-Elevation Tropical Andean Ecosystems

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Modelling beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in High Andean wetlands

Modelling beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in High Andean wetlands

Vegetation trends over eleven years on mountain summits in NW Argentina

Cambio climático y modelado de distribución de especies de Stevia (Asteraceae) en el noroeste de la Argentina

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