Lake dwellers occupation gap in Lake Geneva (France–Switzerland) possibly explained by an earthquake–mass movement–tsunami event during Early Bronze Age

Kremer, Katrina; Marillier, F.; Hilbe, Michael; Simpson, Guy; DuPuy, David L.; Yrro, Blé; Rachoud-Schneider, Anne-Marie; Corboud, Pierre; Bellwald, Benjamin; Wildi, Walter; Girardclos, Stéphanie

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.017

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, the water discharge is estimated at 3.96 million m Finally, the presence of two contemporaneous erosive layers (RDL2 in PAV09-C5 and probably RDL3 in PAV10-E) in the littoral environment suggest shorelines erosion resulting from wave action (Moore et al, 2006, Garduño-Monroy et al, 2011and Kremer et al, 2014.…”

Section: Ad 600 Crater Outburst and Lake-level Drop (Se1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme events in the sedimentary record of maar Lake Pavin: Implications for natural hazards assessment in the French Massif Central

Chassiot

Chapron

Giovanni

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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A set of sedimentary cores, high resolution swath bathymetry and subbottom profiler data provides new insights on sedimentary processes in meromictic maar Lake Pavin, France.Three sedimentary environments (i.e., littoral, plateau and basin) have been identified in the lake from sediment composition using bulk organic geochemistry and the analysis of hydroacoustic images. Various forms of rapidly deposited layers (RDLs) have been identified and radiocarbon dated. An up to date stratigraphy of sedimentary events matching coeval RDLs across the lake is presented and illustrates a wide range of natural hazards linked to Lake Pavin during the last 2,000 years. In AD 600, a sudden lake outburst triggered a slump deposit along with a 9 m lake-level drop that drove shifts in sedimentary organic matter composition. Outside the lake, outburst flood deposits have been described downstream and provide sedimentary evidence for this event. The lake-level drop also favored the generation of gravity reworking phenomena, as shown by (1) a regional earthquake-triggered large slope failure on the plateau connected to a mass-wasting deposit in the basin dated to AD 1300, and (2) a succession of turbidites in AD 1825 and AD 1860 contemporaneous to two historic earthquakes, suggesting that this lake is sensitive to earthquakes with a minimum epicentral intensity of V. Finally, past observations of lake water color changes in AD 1783 and AD 1936, similar to reports in other meromictic lakes, match iron-rich deposits identified in maar lake sediments and suggest that Lake Pavin could have undergone limnic eruptions.

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Section: Ad 600 Crater Outburst and Lake-level Drop (Se1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme events in the sedimentary record of maar Lake Pavin: Implications for natural hazards assessment in the French Massif Central

Chassiot

Chapron

Giovanni

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…(), Kremer et al . () and Moernaut & De Batist (). The bases of these MTDs are characterized by the deformation of basin‐plain sediment.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) between 9 m and 11·5 m sediment depth (Fig. ; Kremer et al ., ); and (ii) a large deposit associated with MTD G between 4·3 m and 5·9 m.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photographs, lithology, density (g cm −3 ), magnetic susceptibility ( MS ; 10 −5 SI ) and grain‐size distribution (median grain size: red; Q90 grain size: black) show that core Ku‐ IV is composed of homogeneous silty to muddy grey sediments intercalated with millimetre to centimetre‐scale turbidites. Two large MTD s ( MTD s A and G; Kremer et al ., , ) are recorded in this sediment core.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment core (Ku‐IV) data show that MTD A is characterized by three different sedimentological facies in the upper ca 3 m of the deposit (Figs to ). It is composed of ca 2 m of deformed and folded laminated mud (Figs to ) followed by ca 1 m of centimetre‐scale mud clasts incorporated in a muddy matrix, interpreted as a slide‐evolved mass‐flow deposit (Moernaut & De Batist, ; Kremer et al ., ) and covered by darker, homogeneous, mud with a thin white clay cap on top, that can be considered to be a turbidite. Detailed seismic to core correlation allows projection of the seismic reflections corresponding to the top horizon of MTDs D to F onto sediment core Ku‐IV (Fig.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing 4000 years of mass movement and tsunami history in a deep peri‐Alpine lake (Lake Geneva, France‐Switzerland)

et al. 2015

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The study of mass movements in lake sediments provides insights into past natural hazards at historic and prehistoric timescales. Sediments from the deep basin of Lake Geneva reveal a succession of six large-scale (volumes of 22 x 10^6 to 250 x 10^6 m^3) mass-transport deposits, associated with five mass movement events within 2600 years (4000 cal BP to 563 AD). The mass-transport deposits result from: (i) lateral slope failures (mass-transport deposit B at 3895 ± 225 cal BP and mass-transport deposits A and C at 3683 ± 128 cal BP); and (ii) Rhône delta collapses (mass-transport deposits D to G dated at 2650 ± 150 cal BP, 2185 ± 85 cal BP, 1920 ± 120 cal BP and 563 AD, respectively). Mass-transport deposits A and C were most probably triggered by an earthquake, whereas the Rhône delta collapses were likely to be due to sediment overload with a rockfall as the external trigger (mass-transport deposit G, the Tauredunum event in 563 AD known from historical records), an earthquake(mass-transport deposit E) or unknown external triggers (mass-transport deposits D and F). Independent of their origin and trigger mechanisms, numerical simulations show that all of these recorded mass-transport deposits are large enough to have generated at least metre-scale tsunamis during mass movement initiation. Since the Tauredunum event in 563 AD, two small-scale (volumes of 1 to 2x10^6 m^3) mass-transport deposits (H and I) are present in the seismic record, both of which are associated with small lateral slope failures. Mass-transport deposits H and I might be related to earthquakes in Lausanne/Geneva (possibly) 1322 AD and Aigle 1584 AD, respectively. The sedimentary record of the deep basin of Lake Geneva, in combination with the historical record, show that during the past 3695 years, at least six tsunamis were generated by mass movements, indicating that the tsunami hazard in the Lake Geneva region should not be neglected, although such events are not frequent with a recurrence time of 0.0016 yr-1

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Large‐scale mass movements recorded in the sediments of Lake Hallstatt (Austria)–evidence for recurrent natural hazards at a UNESCO World Heritage site

Lauterbach

Strasser

Kowarik

et al. 2022

J Quaternary Science

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The Bronze to Iron Age underground salt mining complex of Hallstatt (Austria) is widely recognised for its cultural importance and wealth of archaeological artefacts. However, while the daily life in the salt mines is archaeologically well documented and environmental effects of the mining activity have been investigated recently, the impact of natural hazards on the prehistoric mining community is still poorly understood. For instance, while it is well established that the prehistoric underground mines have repeatedly been destroyed by large‐scale mass movements, only little is known about the characteristics and extent of these events as well as about mass‐movement recurrence during more recent times. To shed light on past mass‐movement activity in the vicinity of the Hallstatt salt mines, we investigated sediment cores from adjacent Lake Hallstatt. Within the regular lake sediments we identified three large‐scale event deposits, which are interpreted to originate from spontaneous or seismically induced mass movements in the mid‐19th and late 9th century ce and the mid‐4th century bce. While the age of the latter event is in good agreement with the abandonment of the famous Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt, the younger events indicate that large‐scale mass movements also occurred repeatedly during the Common Era.

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Lake dwellers occupation gap in Lake Geneva (France–Switzerland) possibly explained by an earthquake–mass movement–tsunami event during Early Bronze Age

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Extreme events in the sedimentary record of maar Lake Pavin: Implications for natural hazards assessment in the French Massif Central

Extreme events in the sedimentary record of maar Lake Pavin: Implications for natural hazards assessment in the French Massif Central

Reconstructing 4000 years of mass movement and tsunami history in a deep peri‐Alpine lake (Lake Geneva, France‐Switzerland)

Large‐scale mass movements recorded in the sediments of Lake Hallstatt (Austria)–evidence for recurrent natural hazards at a UNESCO World Heritage site

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