Lake and Watershed Management: Issues and Challenges in Managing Lake Water Quality

Abstract

High-intensity land-use activities occur near lakes including in their watershed and increase of population density in areas neighbouring the lakes have caused overexploitation of lake water resources and discharge of large volumes of pollutants into lakes water. As a consequence led to escalating deterioration of lake water quality. Water quality conditions of lakes are significantly influence by their watershed behaviours. The lentic nature of lakes allows problems to build up and symptoms to go unnoticed for a lengthy period and commonly only appearing at a delayed and dangerous stage given that similarly a slow and often equally long period is needed to treat before positive results begin to show again. Hence, it is quite complex to comprehend types and strengths of pressures that impact water quality status, when do the changes will occur and what the status of water quality would be, not only on the presence situation but over the long term. Lake water quality and catchment relationship is an intricate issue and required the lake managers and planners to be attentive and prepared to engage in sustained actions over a long-term time frame relating to the development of lakes because progression of degradation inside a lake mostly takes place on a wider and deeper scale than is readily apparent. The comprehensive understanding on anthropogenic upheaval and hydrological linkages within lake watershed influences the dynamics of the lake water quality and is vital to the resulting livelihood including the cultural, biodiversity, and economic activities that are supported by lakes. This paper highlights the issues and challenges in managing lake water quality, variables that significantly influence lake catchment-water quality relationship, discussing the water quality parameters that must be regularly monitored, and proposing a management support tool as the expected research output to ensure lake water quality is not compromise while meeting the country's socioeconomic demand.

Lake management in ASEAN countries: issues and challenges

“…The rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystems is now integrated into management and engineering practices which requires allocation of management costs that impose constraints on government budgets. As lakes are regarded as socio-ecological systems, there is a need for the governance structures and management systems to prioritize in achieving balance between the environment, economy, and social needs [44]. Determining the lake carrying capacity for various uses is crucial, instead of concentrating on a particular use such as aquaculture.…”

“…In addition, watershed management is very important. All lake managers, policy and decision makers and key stakeholders should be aware of the conflicts in upstreamdownstream land use and the associated cascading impacts, due to the complex dynamics of lake ecosystems [44]. Thus, it is important to include watershed planning and development in environmental management target, so that a sustainable lake water quality management could be implemented.…”

“…However, despite these benefits, the Orang Asli still struggle with development challenges due to limited education and training opportunities. The lack of effective coordination and integration of data and information among these stakeholders has prevented the adequate quantification of the lake's value [44]. The lack of political will for strict environmental regulations, coupled with low public awareness regarding the significance of lake ecosystem conservation, may impede progress.…”

TATAKELOLA LANSKAP RAWAPENING BERDASARKAN TINGKAT RESIKO BENCANA LINGKUNGAN DI SUB DAS RAWAPENING (Landscape governance of Rawapening based on the level of environmental disaster risk in the Rawapening Sub Watershed)

“…Perubahan fungsi jasa lingkungan danau dipengaruhi oleh kompleksitas permasalahan yang terjadi pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) (Álvarez et al, 2017;David et al, 2020). Kerusakan DAS yang menjadi pemasok materi ke danau menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakseimbangan ekosistem danau (Fazli et al, 2016), sehingga dapat menimbulkan bencana lingkungan (Lin, Shen, Zhou, & Lyu, 2020;Lyu, Shen, Yang & Zhou, 2020).…”

“…Besarnya pasokan material sedimen, unsur N, serta unsur P adalah salah satu penyebab utama pendangkalan serta eutrofikasi yang terjadi di Danau Rawapening (BPDAS Pemali Jratun, 2018). Pemodelan hidrologi dapat menjadi alternatif dalam melakukan analisis spasial resiko bencana lingkungan (Fazli et al, 2016;Shang et al, 2012) (Dibaba, Demisse, & Miegel, 2020;Waiyasusri & Chotpantarat, 2020). Hasil analisis tingkat resiko bencana lingkungan secara rinci diuraikan sebagai berikut.…”