Lagrangian Observations of Meddy Formation during A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment*

Bower, Amy S.; Armi, Laurence; Ambar, Isabel

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2545:loomfd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 171 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This seasonal variability is more evident in the 2000 and 2001 July sections, since the 1999 July sections have exceptional salty and warm waters within the lower core. Seasonal changes in the temperature and width of the lower core of MW in the Gulf of Cadiz have already been mentioned by [8], based on one year data (July 1993(July -1994 from the AMUSE experiment, and by [9].…”

Section: ˚20′w Meridional Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hydrological Structure, Circulation and Water Mass Transport in the Gulf of Cadiz

Alves¹,

Carton²,

Ambar³

2011

IJG

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Hydrological and LADCP data from four experiments at sea (Semane 1999(Semane , 2000(Semane /1, 2000(Semane /3, 2001) are used to describe the structure and circulation of Mediterranean Water in the Gulf of Cadiz. These data were gathered on meridional sections along 8˚20′W and 6˚15′W and between these longitudes on a zonal section along 35˚50′N. The mesoscale and the submesoscale structures (Mediterranean Water Undercurrents, meddies, cyclones) observed along these sections are characterized in terms of thermohaline properties and of velocity. The transports of mass and salt in each class of density (North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Water, North Atlantic Deep Water) are computed with an inverse model. The model indicates a general eastward flux in the Central Water layer, and a westward flux in the Mediterranean Water layer, but there is also a horizontal recirculation and entrainment in these two layers, as well as strong transports associated with the meddy and cyclone found during Semane 1999.

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Section: ˚20′w Meridional Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hydrological Structure, Circulation and Water Mass Transport in the Gulf of Cadiz

Alves¹,

Carton²,

Ambar³

2011

IJG

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“…The most comprehensive Meddy studies to date are those of Richardson et al (2000) and Bower et al (1997). A Meddy has an aspect ratio of $ 1^2%.…”

Section: Waves and Eddies At 35^378n (Meddy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean structure and climate (Eastern North Atlantic): in situ measurement and remote sensing (altimeter)

Pingree

2002

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Structure and climate of the east North Atlantic are appraised within a framework of in situ measurement and altimeter remote sensing from 08^608N. Long zonal expendable bathythermograph/conductivityt emperature^depth probe sections show repeating internal structure in the North Atlantic Ocean. Drogued buoys and subsurface £oats give westward speeds for eddies and wavelike structure. Records from longterm current meter deployments give the periodicity of the repeating structure. Eddy and wave characteristics of period, size or wavelength, westward propagation speed, and mean currents are derived at 208N, 268N, 32.58N, 368N and 488N from in situ measurements in the Atlantic Ocean. It is shown that ocean wave and eddy-like features measured in situ correlate with altimeter structure. Interior ocean wave crests or cold dome-like temperature structures are cyclonic and have negative surface altimeter anomalies; mesoscale internal wave troughs or warm structures are anticyclonic and have positive surface height anomalies.

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“…Figure 1a shows the annual mean value of the O&M signal in a color map, with black and white lines representing the trajectories of RAFOS floats dropped within the cores of Meddies. The white line illustrates float 110 (am110) deployed during AMUSE [Bower et al, 1997]. Note that the reason that the float data representing Meddies and the satellite derived O&M signals do not agree well is because, in Figure 1, the measurements occurred at different times.…”

Section: Float Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AMUSE data set [Bower et al, 1997] was used to study the behavior of Meddies in a Lagrangian reference frame. The AMUSE experiment included an observational component based on the successful seeding, on a weekly basis, of 49 total RAFOS floats in the Mediterranean Undercurrent off southern Portugal.…”

Section: Float Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the evolution of Meddies in the North Atlantic using floats and multisensor satellite data

Ienna

Yan

2015

JGR Oceans

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Previous studies focusing on the remote detection of Mediterranean Eddies (Meddies) have reported that the isopycnal surface changes derived from satellite multisensor measurements at the approximate depth of 400 m can be used to sense the presence of underlying Meddies. While the isopycnal surface near that depth does indeed reveal the locations of Meddies, an analysis of isopycnal surface changes in response to the evolution of Meddies has yet to be made. Accordingly, this research focuses on analyzing the relationship between isopycnal surface changes and the evolution of Meddies. The vertical isopycnal surface variability of Meddies, which is directly related to contributions from rotational velocity, interior thermal variation, and vertical displacement of Meddies, is observed and studied using float observations from A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment (AMUSE). The contributions of each of the three aforementioned parameters are estimated, enabling us to understand their relative role in changing the isopycnal surface above Meddies. Furthermore, in order to further understand Meddies' evolution and their associated forcing, the dominant frequencies of their horizontal and vertical displacements, as well as the sea surface height variability above the Meddy, are analyzed using the Hilbert-Huang Transform. Finally, the horizontal and the vertical eddy viscosity dissipation of Meddies is computed and compared with a theoretical model. The empirical horizontal and the vertical eddy viscosities are found to be 7 3 10 6 cm 2 s 21 and 200 cm 2 s 21 , respectively. This study will therefore contribute to understanding how the isopycnal surface is related to the presence of Meddies, what frequencies dominate its variability, and the values of eddy viscosity which can be used for a numerical model.

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Lagrangian Observations of Meddy Formation during A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment*

Cited by 171 publications

References 29 publications

Hydrological Structure, Circulation and Water Mass Transport in the Gulf of Cadiz

Hydrological Structure, Circulation and Water Mass Transport in the Gulf of Cadiz

Ocean structure and climate (Eastern North Atlantic): in situ measurement and remote sensing (altimeter)

An analysis of the evolution of Meddies in the North Atlantic using floats and multisensor satellite data

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