Lagrangian observation of phytoplankton dynamics at an artificially enriched subsurface water in Sagami Bay, Japan

Masuda, Takako; Furuya, Ken; Kohashi, Naoko; Sato, Minoru; Takeda, Shigenobu; Uchiyama, Makoto; Horimoto, Naho; Ishimaru, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s10872-010-0065-1

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some algae make excellent food for humans and livestock, and their production in large seaweed farms off-shore can turn vast expanses of sea into eco-friendly cultivated fields, which require minimal structures (using the natural buoyancy of, e.g., Sargassum spp.). Seaweed farming on the High Seas, with deep water pumping as has been proposed in the US OTEC [9] and the Japanese TAKUMI [8], reduces the pressure on near shore ecosystems and agriculture resources. Huge seaweed farms, as the proposed 100-km 2 rafts [17], could drift with currents, until harvested, in the Central Gyres -"ocean deserts" of the major oceans, especially the Pacific, with its nutrient -rich deeper water.…”

Section: Large Seaweed Farms Offshorementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huge seaweed farms, as the proposed 100-km 2 rafts [17], could drift with currents, until harvested, in the Central Gyres -"ocean deserts" of the major oceans, especially the Pacific, with its nutrient -rich deeper water. The aforementioned upwelling pumps [8,9] can draw water with nutrients from their main global store-deeper oceanic waters merely hundreds of meters deep, especially in the Pacific Ocean or near polluted ocean water. One such raft can produce 0.8 -2.5 x 10 6 tons (fw) of seaweed a year.…”

Section: Large Seaweed Farms Offshorementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thoughts on Algae Cultivation toward an Expansion of Aquaculture to the Scale of Agriculture

2017

Dec. 4-6, 2017 London (UK) ICEEET-2017, ICABES-2017, ICCATE-2017, ICLSSE-17 &Amp; LBMCSR-2017

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Section: Large Seaweed Farms Offshorementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large Seaweed Farms Offshorementioning

confidence: 99%

Thoughts on Algae Cultivation toward an Expansion of Aquaculture to the Scale of Agriculture

2017

Dec. 4-6, 2017 London (UK) ICEEET-2017, ICABES-2017, ICCATE-2017, ICLSSE-17 &Amp; LBMCSR-2017

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“…Under the most optimistic assumptions, artificial upwelling is estimated to have the potential to sequester atmospheric CO 2 at rate of approximately 0.9 Pg C/yr [8], which is almost half the CO 2 uptake rate of the global open ocean [9]. Based on related simulations and sea trial experiments, artificial upwelling is considered to have positive effects on increasing primary productivity and enhancing the ability of the ocean to absorb atmospheric CO 2 [10,11]. In addition, using artificial upwelling, the carbon source can be transformed into the carbon sink by adjusting engineering parameters in a specific region and season [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of The relationship between air injection rate and flow velocity to make the upwelling reach the target height.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management and Operational Planning of an Ecological Engineering for Carbon Sequestration in Coastal Mariculture Environments in China

et al. 2019

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China is now accelerating the development of an ecological engineering for carbon sequestration in coastal mariculture environments to cope with climate change. Artificial upwelling as the ecological engineering can mix surface water with bottom water and bring rich nutrients to the euphotic zone, enhance seaweed growth in the oligotrophic sea area, and then increase coastal carbon sequestration. However, one of the major obstacles of the artificial upwelling is the high energy consumption. This study focused on the development of energy management technology for air-lift artificial upwelling by optimizing air injection rate. The fundamental principle underlying this technology is that the mode and intensity of air injection are adjusted from the feedback of information on velocity variation in tidal currents, illumination, and temperature of the surface layer. A series of equations to control air injection was derived based on seaweed growth and solar power generation. Although this finding was originally developed for the air-lift artificial upwelling, it also can be used in other areas of engineering, such as water delivery, aeration, and oxygenation. The simulations show that using a variable air injection rate can lift more nitrogen nutrients of 28.2 mol than using a fixed air injection rate of 26.6 mol, mostly with the same energy cost. Using this control algorithm, the changed temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles prove the effective upwelling in the experiments and the average weights of kelp are 33.1 g in the experimental group and 10.1 g in the control group. The ecological engineering was successfully increasing crop yield for carbon sequestration in coastal mariculture environments.

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“…Briefly, the research on AU over the past few decades has generated a range of devices of different types. Some of them have been successfully applied in the field with enhancement of primary production (Masuda et al 2010;Aure et al 2007;Maruyama et al 2011;McClimans et al 2002). However, the increase in chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and nutrients were only observed in types of AU sea trials with an electric power supply except for the ''perpetual salt fountain concept'' AU system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sea Trial of Air-Lift Concept Artificial Upwelling in the East China Sea

Pan

Fan

et al. 2019

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Artificial upwelling (AU), as one of the geoengineering tools, has received worldwide attention because of its potential ability to actualize ocean fertilization in a sustainable way. The severe challenges of AU are the design and fabrication of a technologically robust device with structural longevity that can maintain the function in the variable and complex hydrodynamics of the upper ocean. In this work, a sea trial of an air-lift concept AU system driven by self-powered energy was carried out in the East China Sea (ECS; 30°8′14″N, 122°44′59″E) to assess the logistics of at-sea deployment and the durability of the equipment under extremely complex hydrodynamic conditions from 3 to 7 September 2014. Seawater below the thermocline layer was measured to be uplifted from approximately 30 m to the euphotic layer with a volumetric upwelling rate of 155.43 m3 h−1 and total inputs of 2.8 mol h−1 NO3−, 0.15 mol h−1 PO43−, and 4.41 mol h−1 SiO43−. A plume formed by cold, saline deep ocean water (DOW) was tracked by a drifting buoy system with a mixing ratio of 37%–51% DOW at the depth of 18–22 m, which conforms to the simulation results. During the AU’s application, disturbance in the vertical hydrological structure could be observed. However, diatom (Skeletonema costatum) blooming from somewhere in the outer ECS floated to the sea trial region on the second day after the AU’s application, which makes it hard to strip off the biochemical effects of AU from the effects of S. costatum bloom.

show abstract

Lagrangian observation of phytoplankton dynamics at an artificially enriched subsurface water in Sagami Bay, Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Thoughts on Algae Cultivation toward an Expansion of Aquaculture to the Scale of Agriculture

Thoughts on Algae Cultivation toward an Expansion of Aquaculture to the Scale of Agriculture

Energy Management and Operational Planning of an Ecological Engineering for Carbon Sequestration in Coastal Mariculture Environments in China

A Sea Trial of Air-Lift Concept Artificial Upwelling in the East China Sea

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