Lagrangian and Eulerian algorithms for water droplets in in-flight ice accretion

Bellosta, Tommaso; Baldan, Giacomo; Sirianni, Giuseppe; Guardone, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.cam.2023.115230

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This assumption leads to the so-called one-way coupled approach; only the airflow field can affect the motion of water droplets. The in-house particle tracking code is based on a Lagrangian framework, and it is used to simulate clouds containing supercooled water droplets [22,23]. The Lagrangian framework allows straightforward modeling of supercooled water droplets' effects, such as splashing, aerodynamic breakup, and deformation, and can deal with secondary particles.…”

Section: B Particle Tracking Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Shape Convergence in Multi-Step Ice Accretion Simulations over Straight Wings

Donizetti,

Bellosta,

Guardone

2024

AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum

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Local errors in the geometrical description of the ice front are amplified in multi-step simulations over conformal meshes due to the coupling of aerodynamics, water impingement, ice accretion, and grid deformation. Small perturbations in the initial phase of ice formation possibly result in dramatically different ice shapes which can hinder the stability of the multi-step procedure. This problem is analyzed by investigating the combined effects of space and time discretization on the ice growth over airfoils and three-dimensional wings. We propose an automatic procedure for selecting the time interval for the update of the aerodynamics and particle impingement. A local growth limiter 𝜆 is introduced here to bound the local ice thickness growth to be comparable to the local grid spacing on the surface, resulting in an automatic adaptive time-step to be used in the multi-step simulation. Examples are provided for three-dimensional cases under both rime and glaze conditions over straight wings. These examples highlight the different accretion mechanisms of the two ice regimes and preliminary indicate that ice-shape convergence can be achieved for low values of 𝜆.

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Section: B Particle Tracking Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Shape Convergence in Multi-Step Ice Accretion Simulations over Straight Wings

Donizetti,

Bellosta,

Guardone

2024

AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum

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“…Ice accretion is a complex multi-physics problem. Numerical modelling of the problem requires, in general, four steps: (1) the computation of the flow field around the geometry under analysis; in our framework, SU2 is used; (2) the computation of the trajectory of the droplets, to assess the fraction of free-stream water mass collected at a given location over the object's surface, i.e., the collection efficiency β = dA i dA∞ ; we use the in-house developed code PoliDrop [16]; (3) the computation of the ice growth with a thermodynamic module (PoliMIce [17]); and (4), the update and re-meshing of the geometry to restart from step (1), both for 2D and 3D geometries [18]. Indeed, accurate numerical representation of the evolution of the ice shape on a wing requires frequent updates of the geometry using a multi-step approach.…”

Section: Ice Accretion Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards blade-resolved ice accretion simulations of flexible blades using mixed-fidelity models

Caccia,

Abergo,

Guardone

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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We present a modular framework for blade-resolved fluid-structure interaction simulations of rotors. The framework is based on the coupling of the multi-body solver MBDyn with the fluid solver SU2 using the library preCICE. A preliminary validation is carried out against other open-source codes analysing the UAE Phase VI experiment. In the future, the framework will be used to study ice accretion on flexible blades. Indeed, blade flexibility has not been considered yet in the numerical modelling of ice accretion due to lacking computational tools and high computational costs. A first application on ice accretion is shown by analyzing the temporal evolution of the modal frequencies of an isolated blade during an icing event simulated numerically with a quasi-3D approach. The results provide insight into the nature of ice throw from wind turbines.

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“…The initial step involves utilizing a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver, specifically SU2 [8], to compute the flow field around the airfoil. Subsequently, droplet trajectories are simulated within this flow field to determine the collection efficiency (β), using a Lagrangian approach for droplet trajectories implemented in PoliDrop [9]. Icing parameters like ice thickness and surface temperature are calculated with the in-house IPS code, PoliMIce [10,11] that also include the resolution of integral boundary layer equations to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient and the skin friction.…”

Section: Ice Protection System Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimization of a modular Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System for a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Gallia,

Caccia,

Guardone

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this work, an Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System (IPS) design was refined and optimized on the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine. These improvements involved optimization of the distribution of heat flux in both the stream-wise and span-wise directions to minimize power consumption and avoid run-back ice formation. The design conditions focus on a 3-hour rime ice accretion event. The chosen optimization algorithm is a derivative-free method called Mesh Adaptive Direct Search. his optimization effort results in a 55% reduction in power consumption necessary to maintain a completely clean blade surface. The power and energy losses associated with this new optimized design are compared with those from various ice shapes and with the clean blade conditions established in the initial design phase from previous work. The new optimized design allows to keep the blade clean from ice with much larger energy saving. Indeed, only initially, during the first two hours of ice accretion, the energy losses due to this IPS design are higher than without IPS. Beyond this short initial period, substantial energy savings are achieved, especially considering that after the accretion event, the blade remains ice-free, and there are no more power losses.

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Lagrangian and Eulerian algorithms for water droplets in in-flight ice accretion

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Ice Shape Convergence in Multi-Step Ice Accretion Simulations over Straight Wings

Ice Shape Convergence in Multi-Step Ice Accretion Simulations over Straight Wings

Towards blade-resolved ice accretion simulations of flexible blades using mixed-fidelity models

Design and optimization of a modular Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System for a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

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