Lagged Wetland CH<sub>4</sub> Flux Response in a Historically Wet Year

Turner, Jess; Desai, Ankur R.; Thom, Jonathan E.; Wickland, Kimberly P.

doi:10.1029/2021jg006458

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…US‐ALQ is a peat and sedge fen near Allequash Creek (elevation ∼500 m), part of the Flambeau River Basin in the Northern Highlands region and is also a North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research study site (Benson et al., 2006; Turner et al., 2019, 2021). The wetland is predominantly peat and covers 32 ha of the Trout Lake basin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

et al. 2022

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Long‐running eddy covariance flux towers provide insights into how the terrestrial carbon cycle operates over multiple timescales. Here, we evaluated variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) across the Chequamegon Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study AmeriFlux core site cluster in the upper Great Lakes region of the USA from 1997 to 2020. The tower network included two mature hardwood forests with differing management regimes (US‐WCr and US‐Syv), two fen wetlands with varying levels of canopy sheltering and vegetation (US‐Los and US‐ALQ), and a very tall (400 m) landscape‐level tower (US‐PFa). Together, they provided over 70 site‐years of observations. The 19‐tower Chequamegon Heterogenous Ecosystem Energy‐balance Study Enabled by a High‐density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019 campaign centered around US‐PFa provided additional information on the spatial variation of NEE. Decadal variability was present in all long‐term sites, but cross‐site coherence in interannual NEE in the earlier part of the record became weaker with time as non‐climatic factors such as local disturbances likely dominated flux time series. Average decadal NEE at the tall tower transitioned from carbon source to sink to near neutral over 24 years. Respiration had a greater effect than photosynthesis on driving variations in NEE at all sites. Declining snowfall offset potential increases in assimilation from warmer springs, as less‐insulated soils delayed start of spring green‐up. Higher CO2 increased maximum net assimilation parameters but not total gross primary productivity. Stand‐scale sites were larger net sinks than the landscape tower. Clustered, long‐term carbon flux observations provide value for understanding the diverse links between carbon and climate and the challenges of upscaling these responses across space.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

et al. 2022

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“…Flux towers are well‐positioned to assess these impacts, as they enable measurement of complementary gases (CH 4 , N 2 O) at a high temporal resolution that enables detection and interpretation of spikes (often called “hot moments”) of gas release associated with sudden changes in water levels or biological conditions (Turner et al, 2021). They must be placed alongside estimates of lateral carbon flows (Arias‐Ortiz et al, 2021; Bogard et al, 2020) and then analyzed in concert with tidal or water flow data.…”

Section: Informing Nbcss With a Full Set Of Tools And Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

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Anderegg

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Nature‐based Climate Solutions (NbCS) are managed alterations to ecosystems designed to increase carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While they have growing public and private support, the realizable benefits and unintended consequences of NbCS are not well understood. At regional scales where policy decisions are often made, NbCS benefits are estimated from soil and tree survey data that can miss important carbon sources and sinks within an ecosystem, and do not reveal the biophysical impacts of NbCS for local water and energy cycles. The only direct observations of ecosystem‐scale carbon fluxes, for example, by eddy covariance flux towers, have not yet been systematically assessed for what they can tell us about NbCS potentials, and state‐of‐the‐art remote sensing products and land‐surface models are not yet being widely used to inform NbCS policymaking or implementation. As a result, there is a critical mismatch between the point‐ and tree‐scale data most often used to assess NbCS benefits and impacts, the ecosystem and landscape scales where NbCS projects are implemented, and the regional to continental scales most relevant to policymaking. Here, we propose a research agenda to confront these gaps using data and tools that have long been used to understand the mechanisms driving ecosystem carbon and energy cycling, but have not yet been widely applied to NbCS. We outline steps for creating robust NbCS assessments at both local to regional scales that are informed by ecosystem‐scale observations, and which consider concurrent biophysical impacts, future climate feedbacks, and the need for equitable and inclusive NbCS implementation strategies. We contend that these research goals can largely be accomplished by shifting the scales at which pre‐existing tools are applied and blended together, although we also highlight some opportunities for more radical shifts in approach.

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“…These spatial scaling analyses are complemented by those that focus more on the temporal dimension. Turner et al (2021) noted substantial temporal lags in wetland methane fluxes in response to wetting changes while Yun et al (2022) reported a reversing of carbon dioxide uptake to source observed from decadal flux measurements on the Tibetan Plateau arising from a trend of warming soil temperatures promoting high emissions events outside the growing season. A more novel temporal linkage is noted in Li et al (2022) who found temporal oscillations of atmospheric pressure led to a pumping effect on atmospheric moisture in the vadose zone in soils.…”

Section: A Scale For All Silosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turner et al. (2021) noted substantial temporal lags in wetland methane fluxes in response to wetting changes while Yun et al. (2022) reported a reversing of carbon dioxide uptake to source observed from decadal flux measurements on the Tibetan Plateau arising from a trend of warming soil temperatures promoting high emissions events outside the growing season.…”

Section: A Scale For All Silosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Land‐Atmosphere Interactions: Special or Fundamental?

et al. 2022

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Viewed from billions of kilometers away in space, Earth appears as a single "Pale Blue Dot," in the immortalized phrase of Carl Sagan bestowed upon the image taken by the Voyager 1 space probe. Coming closer, though, a sharper image emerges (Figure 1).One finds structure to that dot, shades of green and brown continents, a dark ocean, a bright cryosphere, and a hazy, thin blue atmosphere. Zooming further in, those components break into patterns of mountains and rivers, seas and bays, forests and grasslands, layers, and cloud decks. And getting closer, one finds each component has oscillations and variations of branches and rivulets, canyons and plateaus, currents and coastlines. These objects keep revealing more structure in finer, often self-similar form, like Mandelbrot's fractals, down to eddies and organisms, and further into leaves, cells, enzymes, molecules, and atoms.And then, if you wait seconds, days, decades, or eons, landscape patterns change. Bigger things typically take longer than smaller ones. As a result, the pattern changes-sometimes occurring slowly and subtly, ebbing and flowing in an oscillatory manner, or they can occur quickly and abruptly, morphing into a new state of order.Each element and its dynamics come with variations in space and time that can be encompassed by the concept of scale. Earth systems science is preoccupied with the interactions of these elements, which cannot be understood without a stipulation of the scales of interest (Ge et al., 2019). The most straightforward of these interactions are ones where common processes at all scales can be defined by a single relationship, often a power-law, leading to the concept of scale invariance (Paleri et al., 2022). The most interesting interactions are the ones that break those rules and lead to "upscale" and "downscale" behavior, whereby processes at one scale determine the shape and function of another scale. These are most common at the intersections of biology, hydrology, geology, and meteorology, often within what is termed the "critical zone." This interlocking also harkens to the origins of

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Lagged Wetland CH₄ Flux Response in a Historically Wet Year

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

Scaling Land‐Atmosphere Interactions: Special or Fundamental?

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Lagged Wetland CH4 Flux Response in a Historically Wet Year

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

Scaling Land‐Atmosphere Interactions: Special or Fundamental?

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Product

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Lagged Wetland CH₄ Flux Response in a Historically Wet Year