Lagerstroemia Speciosa (L.) Pers Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis

Abstract

One of the major etiological factors that account for lung cancer is tobacco use. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, has a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers leaves (LLE) on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), as well as its in vivo antitumor effect on a lung tumorigenesis mice model. Our results revealed that LLE possesses cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line. Mice orally administered B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) showed an increase in relative lung weight with subsequent decrease in final body weight. Serum levels of tumor marker enzymes AHH, ADA and LDH and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB increased, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased. In addition, we observed the increased activity of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12) and levels of the tumor angiogenesis marker VEFG and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, as well as decreased levels of the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and enzymatic antioxidants CAT and GSH-Px in lung tissues. Moreover, B(a)P administration up-regulated the expression of the COX-2 gene, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and at the same time down-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and caspase-3 and the p53 gene. Pre- and post-treatment with LLE (250 mg/kg body weight) attenuated all these abnormalities. Histopathological observations verified the protective effect of LLE. Overall, the present data positively confirm the potent antitumor effect of L. speciosa leaves against lung tumorigenesis.

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., ethanolic extract attenuates simultaneously administered isoniazid‐ and dapsone‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats

“…EBLE and SIL post‐treatments decreased pro‐inflammatory marker gene expressions with upregulation of IκB gene expression. The anti‐inflammatory effect of EBLE has been reported in previous studies (Gupta et al., 2017; Ichikawa et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2016; Mousa et al., 2019; Sharmin et al., 2018). The anti‐inflammatory effect of EBLE was attributed to its active polyphenolic compounds such as corosolic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and berberine (Bai et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2016; Mousa et al., 2019).…”

“…The anti‐inflammatory effect of EBLE has been reported in previous studies (Gupta et al., 2017; Ichikawa et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2016; Mousa et al., 2019; Sharmin et al., 2018). The anti‐inflammatory effect of EBLE was attributed to its active polyphenolic compounds such as corosolic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and berberine (Bai et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2016; Mousa et al., 2019). These compounds exert anti‐inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF‐κB activation, with subsequent downregulation of COX‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 (BenSaad et al., 2017; Ichikawa et al., 2010).…”

“…The elevation of marker enzymes in serum could be due to hepatocellular degeneration caused by INH‐ and DDS‐derived hepatotoxic metabolites and followed by leakage of hepatocytes intracellular contents into the extracellular fluid. Phytoconstituents derived from the plant have hepatocellular membrane‐stabilizing properties (Mousa et al., 2019). Banaba is also reported to have membrane‐stabilizing properties as it contains corosolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid (Sharmin et al., 2018; Stohs et al, 2012; Woo et al., 2018).…”

Standardized method to extract phenolic compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Jarul) for enhanced antioxidant activity

“…Flower extract of L. speciosa exhibited higher antioxidant activities due to their phenolic compounds (Tiwary et al, 2017) and in this present study, antioxidant activities of leaves, pods and branches of L. speciosa were observed indicating the antioxidant properties of the apical parts of the plant. Leaves extract of the plant alleviates oxidative stress through decreased non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants (Mousa et al, 2019). The leaves were protective against oxidative stress (Song et al, 2013).…”

“…Corosolic acid, ellagitannins, ellagic acid from banaba leaves have hypoglycemic activity (Bai et al, 2008;Stohs et al, 2012;Guo et al, 2020). Leaves of the plant have potential antitumor effects (Mousa et al, 2019;Song et al, 2013b) activity. The other biological activity of the plant includes antimicrobial (Chan et al, 2014), antifibrotic (Prabhu et al, 2010) and analgesic (Gupta et al, 2017) effects.…”