Lag Time as an Indicator of the Link between Agricultural Pressure and Drinking Water Quality State

Kim, Hyojin; Surdyk, Nicolas; Møller, Ingelise; Graversgaard, Morten; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Henriot, Abel; Dalgaard, Tommy; Hansen, Birgitte

doi:10.3390/w12092385

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Nitrate is stable in the upper oxic part of aquifers and may take decades before it reaches drinking water abstraction wells. This means that nitrogen mitigation measures at the agricultural fields can also take decades to reduce the nitrate concentrations in groundwaterbased drinking water (Kim et al 2020;Hansen et al 2017;Dalgaard et al 2014;NRC 1995). In Denmark, drinking water is entirely based on groundwater and in most cases only undergoes simple water treatment such as aeration and sand-filtration (Schullehner and Hansen 2014).…”

Section: Nitrate (No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate from Drinking Water and Markers of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Population-Based Study of Nearly One Million Danish-Born Children

Coffman

Jensen

Trabjerg

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: High levels of nitrate (NO − 3) in drinking water cause methemoglobinemia in infants; however, few studies have examined the potential effects of low-level exposure on fetal growth, and the results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the association between maternal exposure to nitrate in drinking water during pregnancy and offspring size at birth in a nationwide study of full-term (≥37 wk gestation) live-born singletons. METHODS: We estimated maternal nitrate exposure for 898,206 births in Denmark during 1991-2011 by linkage of individual home address(es) with nitrate data from the national monitoring database. Maternal address during pregnancy, infant size at birth [i.e., birth weight, low birth weight (LBW), body length, and birth head circumference] and covariates were compiled from the Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish Medical Birth Register, and The Integrated Database for Longitudinal Labor Market Research. Linear and logistic models with generalized estimating equations were used to account for multiple births to an individual. Nitrate exposure was modeled using five categories and as a log-transformed continuous variable. RESULTS: There was evidence of a decreasing trend in models for term birth weight using categorical or continuous measures of exposure. Modeling exposure continuously, a difference of −9:71 g (95% confidence interval: −14:60, −4:81) was predicted at 25 mg=L (half the value of the European Union drinking water standard) compared with 0 mg=L NO − 3. Body length also decreased as nitrate concentrations increased in categorical and continuous models. There was little evidence of an association between NO − 3 and head circumference or LBW. DISCUSSION: Although the estimated effects were small, our findings for live singleton births to Danish-born parents suggest that maternal intake of nitrate from drinking water may reduce term birth weight and length, which are markers of intrauterine growth. However, there was little evidence for an association between nitrate and head circumference or LBW. Future studies in other populations and with data on dietary sources of nitrate are encouraged to confirm or refute these findings.

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Section: Nitrate (No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate from Drinking Water and Markers of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Population-Based Study of Nearly One Million Danish-Born Children

Coffman

Jensen

Trabjerg

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Future research is also required to establish new criteria and more efficient optimization techniques to identify the key parameters of NPS pollutants, such as the time lag index [26], and incorporate them into the PTRFFM to realize a better representation of the whole process of NPS pollutant transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

Zhou

Geng

2021

Water

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The transport of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants in water pathways is affected by various factors such as precipitation, terrain, soil erosion, surface and subsurface flows, soil texture, land management, and vegetation coverage. In this study, based on the transmission mechanism of NPS pollutants, we constructed a five-factor model for predicting the path-through rate of NPS pollutants. The five indices of the hydrological processes, namely the precipitation index (α), terrain index (β), runoff index (TI), subsurface runoff index (LI), and buffer strip retention index (RI), are integrated with the pollution source data, including the rural living, livestock and farmland data, obtained from the national pollution source census. The proposed model was applied to the headwater of the Miyun Reservoir watershed for identifying the areas with high path-through rates of agricultural NPS pollutants. The results demonstrated the following. (1) The simulation accuracy of the model is acceptable in mesoscale watersheds. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) agriculture loads were determined as 705.11 t and 3.16 t in 2014, with the relative errors of the simulations being 19.62% and 24.45%, respectively. (2) From the spatial distribution of the agricultural NPS, the TN and TP resource loads were mainly distributed among the upstream of Dage and downstream of Taishitun, as well as the towns of Bakshiying and Gaoling. The major source of TN was found to be farmland, accounting for 47.6%, followed by livestock, accounting for 37.4%. However, the path-through rates of TP were different from those of TN; rural living was the main TP source (65%). (3) The path-through rates of agricultural NPS were the highest for the towns of Wudaoying, Dage, Tuchengzi, Anchungoumen, and Huodoushan, where the path-through rate of TN ranged from 0.17 to 0.26. As for TP, it was highest in Wudaoying, Kulongshan, Dage, and Tuchengzi, with values ranging from 0.012 to 0.019. (4) A comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the NPS pollution load and the path-through rate revealed the towns of Dage, Wudaoying, and Tuchengzi as the critical source areas of agricultural NPS pollutants. Therefore, these towns should be seriously considered for effective watershed management. In addition, compared with field monitoring, the export coefficient model, and the physical-based model, the proposed five-factor model, which is based on the path-through rate and the mechanism of agricultural NPS pollutant transfer, cannot only obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the path-through rate on a field scale but also be applicable to large-scale watersheds for estimating the path-through rates of NPS pollutants.

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“…Therefore, the nutrient export behaviour in streams draining Nordic mini-catchments seems to be dominantly controlled by their land use characteristics and, to a lesser extent, their climate. Kim et al [33] investigated lag time as an indicator of the link between nitrogen (N) surplus in agriculture and groundwater nitrate concentrations utilizing a cross correlation analysis method. The authors used groundwater monitoring data from three case study sites with groundwater-based drinking water abstraction: Tunø and Aalborg-Drastrup in Denmark and La Voulzie in France.…”

Section: New Technologies For Monitoring Mapping and Analysing Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these case study sites, soil surface N surplus and long-term groundwater monitoring data were available for the analysis. Kim et al [33] found that for Tunø and La Voulzie, where matrix flow is the dominant groundwater pathway, the N lag times continuously increased with an increasing distance from the agricultural N source (in Tunø: from 0 to 20 years between 1.2 to 24 m below the land surface (mbls); at La Voulzie: from 8 to 24 years along the groundwater pathway). However, in Aalborg-Drastrup where both matrix and fracture flows are important groundwater pathways, the N lag times showed a greater variability with depth: for instance, a 23-year lag time at 9-17 mbls compared to a 4-year lag time at 21-23 mbls.…”

Section: New Technologies For Monitoring Mapping and Analysing Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The N lag times estimated in the study were generally found to be comparable to groundwater ages measured by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Kim et al [33] concludes that the lag time may be a useful indicator to reveal the hydrogeological links between the agricultural pressure and water quality state, which is fundamental for a successful implementation of drinking water protection plans.…”

Section: New Technologies For Monitoring Mapping and Analysing Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Land Use and Water Quality

Kronvang

Wendland

Kovar

et al. 2020

Water

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The interaction between land use and water quality is of great importance worldwide as agriculture has been proven to exert a huge pressure on the quality of groundwater and surface waters due to excess losses of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) through leaching and erosion processes. These losses result in, inter alia, high nitrate concentrations in groundwater and eutrophication of rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Combatting especially non-point losses of nutrients has been a hot topic for river basin managers worldwide, and new important mitigation measures to reduce the input of nutrients into groundwater and surface waters at the pollution source have been developed and implemented in many countries. This Special Issue of the Land use and Water Quality conference series (LuWQ) includes a total of 11 papers covering topics such as: (i) nitrogen surplus; (ii) protection of groundwater from pollution; (iii) nutrient sources of pollution and dynamics in catchments and (iv) new technologies for monitoring, mapping and analysing water quality.

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Lag Time as an Indicator of the Link between Agricultural Pressure and Drinking Water Quality State

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate from Drinking Water and Markers of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Population-Based Study of Nearly One Million Danish-Born Children

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate from Drinking Water and Markers of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Population-Based Study of Nearly One Million Danish-Born Children

Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

Land Use and Water Quality

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