The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heteromultimer of three homologous subunits (␣-, -, and ␥-subunits). To study the role of the -subunit in vivo, we analyzed mice in which the ENaC gene locus was disrupted. These mice showed low levels of ENaC mRNA expression in kidney (Ϸ1%), lung (Ϸ1%), and colon (Ϸ4%). In homozygous mutant ENaC mice, no ENaC protein could be detected with immunof luorescent staining. At birth, there was a small delay in lung-liquid clearance that paralleled diminished amiloride-sensitive Na ؉ absorption in tracheal explants. With normal salt intake, these mice showed a normal growth rate. However, in vivo, adult ENaC m͞m mice exhibited a significantly reduced ENaC activity in colon and elevated plasma aldosterone levels, suggesting hypovolemia and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. This phenotype was clinically silent, as ENaC m͞m mice showed no weight loss, normal plasma Na ؉ and K ؉ concentrations, normal blood pressure, and a compensated metabolic acidosis. On low-salt diets, ENaC-mutant mice developed clinical symptoms of an acute pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (weight loss, hyperkalemia, and decreased blood pressure), indicating that ENaC is required for Na ؉ conservation during salt deprivation.