Lactuca sativa leaf extract concentration optimization using evolutionary strategy as photosensitizer for TiO2-filmed Grӓtzel cell

Concepcion, Ronnie; Alejandrino, Jonnel; Mendigoria, Christan Hail; Dadios, Elmer P.; Sybingco, Edwin; Vicerra, Ryan Rhay P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166931

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The main components of DSSC were the photoanode (working electrode), cathode (comparison electrode), and electrolyte [15]. After TiO2 was coated on TCO and immersed in sea lettuce dye, a working electrode was formed, which was then combined with a reference electrode by the sandwich method and filled with electrolyte (tri-iodide and iodide redox couple) [9,15]. Furthermore, the two electrodes were connected through an external load of 45.8 ꭥ, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Dssc Circuit Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, many researchers have attempted to accomplish this in numerous ways, such as by extracting chlorophyll from diverse plants in various methods [2,3,4,5] and using anthocyanins as dyes [6,7,8]. In addition, several studies have used various methods, such as mixing between anthocyanins and chlorophyll [9,10], adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) both before TiO2 is coated onto a conducting glass substrate (FTO/AgNPs/TiO2) and after (FTO/TiO2/AgNPs) and also mixed into TiO2 in making photoanode electrodes [11,12], and mixing chlorophyll extract with nanoparticles [13]. These studies only pay attention to the optimum absorption conditions based on the calculation of the gap energy of the dye material, which has not taken into account how the gap dye energy is after being combined with the DSSC constituent material or after being coated on the TiO2 semiconductor material at the anode (working electrode).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance

et al. 2023

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This study examines the effect of the wavelength of light illuminated on DSSC on the absorption wavelength and gap dye energy. The dye used was sea lettuce anthocyanin from Sanur Beach, Bali. As much as 20 grams of dried sea lettuce powder was dissolved in 80 mL of 96% ethanol and 6% HCl. After 24 hours of immersion, it was filtered with Whatman 41 paper. The filtrate was characterized using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer so that the absorption wavelengths of the anthocyanin dye were 272.5 nm, 417 nm, and 653.5 nm. The gap energy was calculated using the Tauc Plot method, and the result was 2.826 eV. The dye was applied to make DSSC using the sandwich method, which was then irradiated with white, red, and purple LEDs with respective wavelengths of 400–700 nm (with peaks at 439.67 nm and 550.29 nm), 629.04 nm and 425.38 nm and variations in intensity values, namely 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux. Illumination using purple LEDs produces the maximum current and highest efficiency compared to white and red, namely 1.33 mA, 1.57 mA, and 1.83 mA for 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux, respectively, and the efficiency is 0.0039 for 1000 lux. The purple color has a wavelength close to and intersects with the absorbance wavelength of the dye and has energy (2.918 eV) greater than the gap energy of the sea lettuce dye.

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Section: Dssc Circuit Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance

et al. 2023

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“…Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration (PET Th ) is a referential measure characterized by the mathematical relationships of environmental parameters such as the average monthly possible sunshine hour (N, h/day), number of days of each month (m, days), mean temperature (T m , • C), heat index (I, unitless), and extended heat index (α, unitless) (1-3). Here, N, m, T m , I, and α were set to minimum and maximum threshold pairs of [6.2 to 11.3 h/day], [29 to 31 days/month], [25.483 to 32.483 • C], [12.8 to 15.3], and [−6.9 to −4.3] based on initial acquired experimented data of the Philippines from 2019 to 2021 [38][39][40]. The goal of this stage was to optimize the modified PET Th (PET Th-mod ) as a function of {N, T m , I, α} (4), serving as the fitness function, through minimization using atom search (ASO), differential evolution (DE), and multiverse optimization (MVO) to reduce plant stress due to drought when there is substantial high temperature (Figure 3).…”

Section: Thornthwaite Evapotranspiration Optimization Using Advanced ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Atom Search-Optimized Thornthwaite Potential Evapotranspiration on Root and Shoot Systems in Controlled Carica papaya Cultivation

Concepcion,

Baun,

Janairo

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Potential evapotranspiration (PET) indicates if a cultivation area is suitable for planting. Currently, site-specific PET models that are based on large geographic regions are vulnerable to inaccurate predictions as a result of climate change and sudden changes in the environmental abiotic stressors that affect plant growth. For the aim of promoting the papaya Sinta F1 cultivar, the study optimized the standard Thornthwaite PET model by integrating three advanced physics-based metaheuristics and evolutionary computing, namely atom search (ASO), differential evolution (DE), and multiverse (MVO) optimizers. The PET value was optimized through minimization as a function of air temperature, light intensity, heat index, and extended heat index. As the PET value approaches 0, it indicates that there is more soil-water content that can be absorbed by plants. Based on the four cultivation treatments (uncontrolled, ASO, DE, and MVO) exposed in three replicates within 90 days, the ASO-optimized Thornthwaite PET-treated (ASOTh) papaya plants resulted in the highest chlorophyll a and b concentrations, densest stomatal density, concentrated root and stem xylem and phloem vessels, considerable root and stem length, most formed leaf count, and strongest action potentials coming from stem membrane for both light and dark periods. This proves the applicability of the intelligent process in modifying the Thornthwaite model for plant growth promotion. Also, through the developed ASOTh, the stem length and thickness ratio was improved for mechanical stability to facilitate more branching leaves and potential fruits during the fruiting stage, and the chlorophyll a and b ratio was enhanced, which naturally extended the light energy band for photosynthesis. Overall, the newly developed ASOTh model may be used to grow papaya seedlings year-round anywhere on Earth if there is a control system to regulate the environmental setting inside the growth chamber.

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“…The selection of photosensitizers in dye-sensitized cells is based on the high molar absorptivity of visible light at different wavelengths, the stability towards the temperature or light, and the costs associated with them being obtained. Among the evaluated sensitizers, several dyes extracted from natural resources (anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and chlorophyll) have been reported and represent an attractive alternative regarding their Solar 2023, 3 abundance, costs, and eco-friendly characteristics [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Conversion efficiencies for natural pigments are much lower than those obtained for synthesized dyes, but they still constitute a research focus [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers

Montagni¹,

Chialanza²,

Cerdá³

2023

Solar

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This work aimed to show the possibility of applying anthocyanins extracted from blueberries following a straightforward path as potential impregnation dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), particularly in the presence of co-adsorbents, such as silver nanoparticles, as an alternative in order to profit from large amounts of discarded fruits. Following a simple procedure, anthocyanins (mainly delphinidin-3-glucoside) were obtained from blueberries (Southern Highbush type). Complete characterization was carried out in order to prove the utility of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs. The analyzed anthocyanin is suitable for sensitizing because of its high molar absorptivity values within the visible region of the light spectra, the adsorption ability to a FTO/TiO2 electrode (FTO, fluorine-doped tin oxide) as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), a potential oxidation value near 1 V, and adequate thermal as well as light stabilities. Moreover, the cell’s conversion efficiency is improved in the presence of silver nanoparticles, reaching 0.24% (nearly a 25% increase). The sum of all these characteristics points to the application of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs, offering a technological use with potential interest for countries where agricultural production offers an abundant origin of extraction.

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Lactuca sativa leaf extract concentration optimization using evolutionary strategy as photosensitizer for TiO2-filmed Grӓtzel cell

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance

The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance

Effects of Atom Search-Optimized Thornthwaite Potential Evapotranspiration on Root and Shoot Systems in Controlled Carica papaya Cultivation

Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers

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