Lactoferrin and Eosinophilic Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions of Patients with Experimental Rhinovirus Colds, Natural Colds, and Presumed Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Sinusitis

Niehaus, Mark D.; Gwaltney, Jack M.; Hendley, J. Owen; Newman, Mercy J.; Heymann, Peter W.; Rakes, Gary P.; Platts-Mills, Thomas A.E.; Guerrant, Richard L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.38.8.3100-3102.2000

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Lactoferrin, 80 kDa glycosylated protein, is commonly found in secretions from the submucosal glands of both lower and upper human airways [19–22] and is present in neutrophil granules [23, 24]. This protein is known to possess a variety of biologic functions, such as promotion of iron absorption, and antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities [22, 25], as well as to be related to immunoregulatory and anti‐inflammatory activities [16–18, 24, 26]. With our proteomic data, it was suggested that lactoferrin is involved in allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa following exposure to an allergen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Serum lactoferrin level as a serologic biomarker for allergic rhinitis

Choi¹,

Shin

Kim

et al. 2010

Clin Experimental Allergy

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SummaryBackground Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease and a risk factor for allergic asthma. The discovery of new biomarkers for the early detection of AR would improve the clinical outcomes and reduce socio-economic burden. We sought to identify a novel serologic marker for detection of AR using a proteomic approach. Methods To identify the proteins involved in AR, comparative proteomics was applied using nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) taken before and after a nasal provocation test (NPT) with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) in a subject with AR sensitized to Dpt. The clinical relevance of the identified proteins was evaluated by ELISA using NLFs and sera from the three study groups: Dpt-sensitive AR; asymptomatic Dpt-sensitive controls; and non-atopic healthy controls. The sensitivities and specificities of the candidate proteins for predicting AR were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In proteomic analysis, lactoferrin expression was up-regulated after NPT. The validation study using ELISA showed a significantly lower serum lactoferrin level in the AR group than those of the other two groups (Po0.05, respectively). To discriminate between subjects with or without AR, the optimal serum cut-off level of lactoferrin was set at o307 ng/mL using the ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting AR were 81.4% and 58%. When combined with serum Dpt-specific IgE level, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting AR were 76.7% and 79.2%. Conclusion These results suggest that the serum lactoferrin level is associated with the phenotype of Dpt-sensitive AR, and in combination with the serum Dpt-specific IgE level, may be a potential serologic marker for early detection of AR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Serum lactoferrin level as a serologic biomarker for allergic rhinitis

Choi¹,

Shin

Kim

et al. 2010

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…At present, there are no published studies that evaluate the level of lactoferrin in the nasal secretions of CRS patients. Those that do examine lactoferrin expression in nasal secretions are limited to patients with either acute or recurrent sinusitis and on the whole have found an up‐regulation of lactoferrin secretion in acute sinonasal inflammation 17–19 . Although our paper focuses on the evaluation of lactoferrin expression in the nasal mucosa itself, it is presumed that the amount of lactoferrin secreted would be proportional to that stored in the tissue, unless extracellular degradation was occurring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those that do examine lactoferrin expression in nasal secretions are limited to patients with either acute or recurrent sinusitis and on the whole have found an up-regulation of lactoferrin secretion in acute sinonasal inflammation. [17][18][19] Although our paper focuses on the evaluation of lactoferrin expression in the nasal mucosa itself, it is presumed that the amount of lactoferrin secreted would be proportional to that stored in the tissue, unless extracellular degradation was occurring. Given this, we presuppose from our study that patients with CRS also have lower levels of this antimicrobial peptide in their secretions because of decreased production and storage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Mucosa Expression of Lactoferrin in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

et al. 2007

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This is the first study of its kind to objectively examine lactoferrin expression in the nasal mucosa of CRS patients. We report a reduction in the expression of this important antimicrobial peptide at both the mRNA and protein level. Such a defect in the innate immune system may explain the predisposition of certain individuals to develop CRS and nasal polyposis, providing further insight into the pathogenesis of such conditions.

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“…sECP is also elevated in some but not all cases of TH2 cytokine associated atopic dermatitis [ 72 ] eosinophil esophagitis [ 73 ], parasite infection [ 74 ] and childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection [ 75 ]. Raised levels of ECP have also been found in some cases that are not TH2 associated; a group of patients with bacterial infections had elevated sECP [ 76 ], very high levels were found in nasal secretions from patients with bacterial sinusitis [ 77 ] and in sputum of a patient with tuberculosis and drug-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 78 ]. Malignancies with primary eosinophilia are associated with the highest measurable sECP levels (see HES and malignancy section).…”

Section: Ecp During Homeostasis and Measured In Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eosinophils are generally not thought of as defendants during bacterial inflammation. However sECP has been found elevated in septic patients [ 76 ] and very high levels of ECP in nasal secretions from patients with normal cold (13 μg/mL) or severe community acquired rhinosinusitis has been described in one case (11.7 μg/mL, table 1 ) [ 77 ]. Moreover, a recent study has shown that eosinophils expel mitochondrial DNA coated with ECP and other granule proteins which are bactericidal in mice in vivo [ 134 ].…”

Section: Ecp As a Defence Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein - a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte

2011

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Eosinophil granulocytes reside in respiratory mucosa including lungs, in the gastro-intestinal tract, and in lymphocyte associated organs, the thymus, lymph nodes and the spleen. In parasitic infections, atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, the numbers of the circulating eosinophils are frequently elevated. In conditions such as Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) circulating eosinophil levels are even further raised. Although, eosinophils were identified more than hundred years ago, their roles in homeostasis and in disease still remain unclear. The most prominent feature of the eosinophils are their large secondary granules, each containing four basic proteins, the best known being the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). This protein has been developed as a marker for eosinophilic disease and quantified in biological fluids including serum, bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal secretions. Elevated ECP levels are found in T helper lymphocyte type 2 (atopic) diseases such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis but also occasionally in other diseases such as bacterial sinusitis. ECP is a ribonuclease which has been attributed with cytotoxic, neurotoxic, fibrosis promoting and immune-regulatory functions. ECP regulates mucosal and immune cells and may directly act against helminth, bacterial and viral infections. The levels of ECP measured in disease in combination with the catalogue of known functions of the protein and its polymorphisms presented here will build a foundation for further speculations of the role of ECP, and ultimately the role of the eosinophil.

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Lactoferrin and Eosinophilic Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions of Patients with Experimental Rhinovirus Colds, Natural Colds, and Presumed Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Sinusitis

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Serum lactoferrin level as a serologic biomarker for allergic rhinitis

Serum lactoferrin level as a serologic biomarker for allergic rhinitis

Nasal Mucosa Expression of Lactoferrin in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein - a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte

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