Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lysate Increases Re-Epithelialization of Keratinocyte Scratch Assays by Promoting Migration

Abstract

A limited number of studies have investigated the potential of probiotics to promote wound healing in the digestive tract. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether probiotic bacteria or their extracts could be beneficial in cutaneous wound healing. A keratinocyte monolayer scratch assay was used to assess re-epithelialization; which comprises keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Primary human keratinocyte monolayers were scratched then exposed to lysates of Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus GG, L. reuteri, L. plantarum or L. fermentum. Re-epithelialization of treated monolayers was compared to that of untreated controls. Lysates of L. rhamnosus GG and L. reuteri significantly increased the rate of re-epithelialization, with L. rhamnosus GG being the most efficacious. L. reuteri increased keratinocyte proliferation while L. rhamnosus GG lysate significantly increased proliferation and migration. Microarray analysis of L. rhamnosus GG treated scratches showed increased expression of multiple genes including the chemokine CXCL2 and its receptor CXCR2. These are involved in normal wound healing where they stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and/or migration. Increased protein expression of both CXCL2 and CXCR2 were confirmed by ELISA and immunoblotting. These data demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG lysate accelerates re-epithelialization of keratinocyte scratch assays, potentially via chemokine receptor pairs that induce keratinocyte migration.

HMGB1 Promotes Intraoral Palatal Wound Healing through RAGE-Dependent Mechanisms

“…A cell monolayer scratch assay is used to assess re-epithelialization [40]. In the present study, we demonstrated a large induction of cell migration in gingival epithelial cells by rHMGB1 during wound scratch assay after 24–48 h. This finding is consistent with previous report that HMGB1 is a potent cell migration and proliferation promoting agent [41].…”

Topical cream with live lactobacilli modulates the skin microbiome and reduce acne symptoms

“…The rationale for these strains was based on their genome availability 22-24 , knowledge of their host interaction capacity 25,26 , their robustness and growth capacity 22,24,26 ( Extended Data Figure 2a) , in addition to information on their safety in humans after oral 27,28,29 , nasal 30 and vaginal 31 high-dose application. L. rhamnosus GG was also selected because of previous reports on its capacity to inhibit the toxic effects of S. aureus on epidermal keratinocytes 32 , its strain-dependent capacity to promote re-epithelialization 33 and to augment tight-junction barrier function in human primary epidermal keratinocytes 34 , and our previous experience with this probiotic strain 25 . For microbiome modulation, C. acnes was targeted as model pathobiont associated with the inflammatory character of acne vulgaris.…”

Lactobacillus crispatus accelerates re‐epithelialization in vaginal epithelial cell line MS74

“…25 Furthermore, the integrity of epithelial cells isolated from the female genital tract was directly disrupted by the presence of HIV-1. 27 Re-epithelialization, the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells, 28 is an important step of mucosal wound repair, as well as that of skin and other tissues, sealing the epithelial defect and restoring barrier integrity. 27 Re-epithelialization, the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells, 28 is an important step of mucosal wound repair, as well as that of skin and other tissues, sealing the epithelial defect and restoring barrier integrity.…”

“…28,[38][39][40] On the other hand, L. salivarius and L. plantarum inhibited oral epithelial wound healing 41. A recent study showed that a bioengineered L. reuteri with a plasmid encoding CXCL12 accelerated cutaneous wound healing in mouse, while nontransformed L. reuteri delayed wound closure 42.…”

“…26 Hence, delayed wound healing exacerbates inflammation, resulting in pathogen entry, and vice versa; maintaining or recovering the barrier integrity of epithelia is required for vaginal health. 27 Re-epithelialization, the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells, 28 is an important step of mucosal wound repair, as well as that of skin and other tissues, sealing the epithelial defect and restoring barrier integrity. 29 Here, we investigated whether L. crispatus, one of the most common Lactobacillus species in the vagina and among the most protective against STI, 30…”