Lactobacillus plantarum Metabolites Elicit Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting Autophagy-Related Responses

Abstract

Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a probiotic that has emerged as novel therapeutic agents for managing various diseases, such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infections. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of the metabolites of L. plantarum. We cultured L. plantarum cells to obtain their metabolites, created several dilutions, and used these solutions to treat human colonic Caco-2 cells. Our results showed a 10% dilution of L. plantarum metabolites decreased cell viability and reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Moreover, we found co-treatment with L. plantarum metabolites and chloroquine, a known autophagy inhibitor, had a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity and downregulation of autophagy-related protein expression. In conclusion, we showed the metabolites from the probiotic, L. plantarum, work synergistically with chloroquine in killing Caco-2 cells and downregulating the expression of autophagy-related proteins, suggesting the involvement of autophagy, rather than apoptosis, in their cytotoxic effect. Hence, this study provides new insights into new therapeutic methods via inhibiting autophagy.

Polyacrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile/cellulose‐based activated carbon nanofibers obtained from acrylic textile wastes for carbon dioxide capture

“…The loose molecular structure of cellulose supports the development of pores. 56 In addition, high amounts of oxygen groups in the cellulose structure, which removed in the form of H 2 O, CO 2 , and CO, can lead to the emergence of activated carbon fiber with a high surface area. 57 Therefore, activation of cellulose-based carbon material could be more effective under the same conditions.…”

Postbiotics of Lacticaseibacillus paracaseiCECT 9610 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarumCECT 9608 attenuates store‐operated calcium entry and FAK phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells

“…Previous studies have provided evidence supporting that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum elicit anti‐colorectal cancer effects [ 39 , 40 ]. Here we have tested the effect of exposure to heat‐killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on SOCE in the adenocarcinoma cell lines HT‐29 and Caco‐2 as well as in normal colon mucosa NCM460 cells.…”

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells

“…In addition, Caco2 colorectal cancer cells were sensitive to the LP metabolites that were able produce a notable reduction in colon cancer cells viability following a relative short treatment duration (6–24 h), and even at 10% dilution. However, the authors reported that the cytotoxic mechanism of LP metabolites involves cell autophagy rather than apoptosis; the LP metabolites impeded the process of phagophore and autophagosome formation, thus leading to a reduction in the expression of autophagy proteins Atg9A, LC3 I/II, Atg5, Atg16L1, and Beclin-1 [ 46 ]. All data considered, one may conclude that in healthy cells as well as in cells exposed to previous aggression such as S. aureus infection, LP acts as an apoptosis inhibitor while in cancer cells the effect is reversed; these opposite effects take place based on the same mechanism, the inhibition or activation of apoptosis-related genes, which evolves in opposite directions depending on the cell type.…”