Lactobacillus maintains healthy gut mucosa by producing L-Ornithine

Qi, Houbao; Li, Yuanyuan; Yun, Huan; Zhang, Tong; Huang, Yugang; Jiang, Zhou; Yan, Hui; Wei, Jianmei; Liu, Yingquan; Zhang, Zhiqian; Gao, Yuan; Che, Yongzhe; Su, Xiaomin; Zhu, Dashuai; Zhang, Yuan; Zhong, Jin; Yang, Rongcun

doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0424-4

Cited by 82 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Lactobacillus are acid-lactic producing bacteria and belong to the Firmicutes phylum, the second most prevalent in the human gut ( 39 ). Recently, a study showed that Lactobacillus promote gut barrier integrity by producing L-Ornithine from arginine amino acid ( 40 ). We suggest that this increase in Lactobacillus in patients with no hormone replacement could be associated with the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with HT ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Cayres¹,

Salis

Rodrigues³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Cayres¹,

Salis

Rodrigues³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…A recent study showed that L-ornithine administered to mice resulted in goblet cell production, mucin secretion and cell proliferation, which are associated with a healthier gut environment (Qi et al, 2019 ). Together with these results, L-ornithine also induces accumulation of IL-22 in intestinal tissues (Qi et al, 2019 ), a cytokine involved in the reconstitution of gut epithelial cells, improving mucus production by goblet cells, increasing the production of antimicrobial peptides and modulating genes involved in wound healing (Sun et al, 2012 ). Overall, these observations suggest that histamine and L-ornithine might be important signaling molecules in DEC pathogenesis and merit further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota-Metabolome Changes in Children With Diarrhea by Diarrheagenic E. coli

Gallardo

Izquierdo

Vidal

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Background: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are a main cause of diarrhea worldwide in children under 5 years old. DEC virulence is strongly regulated by environmental conditions and metabolites produced by the gut microbiota in the intestinal tract. In this study, we evaluated changes in gut microbiota-metabolome in children with or without diarrhea produced by DEC pathotypes. Goal: To determine gut microbiota composition and metabolome in stool samples obtained from healthy children and children with diarrhea positive for DEC pathotypes. Methods: We analyzed a total of 16 age-paired stool samples: 8 diarrheal samples positive for one DEC pathotype and 8 stool samples from healthy children. To identify the microbiota composition, we sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA and determined operational phylogenetic units (OPU). OPU were then used to predict metabolic pathways using the PICRUSt2 software. The presence of metabolites in stool samples was determined by LC-MS. A correlation analysis was performed with the main genera from each group and main metabolites. Bacteria associated with variance of main metabolites were identified using the MIMOSA2 software. Results: DEC and healthy groups showed a statistically different microbiota composition. A decrease in Firmicutes together with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria was found in the DEC group compared to the healthy group. Metabolic pathway predictions based on microbiota diversity showed that pathways involved in histidine and L-ornithine metabolism were significantly different between groups. A total of 88 metabolites detected by LC-MS were included in the metabolome analysis. We found higher levels of histamine and lower levels of ornithine in DEC samples than in the healthy group. Histamine and L-ornithine were associated with a specific microbiota species and the corresponding metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Stool samples from healthy children and children positive for DEC displayed a differential metabolome and microbiota composition. A strong correlation between a gut microbiota species and certain metabolites, such as histamine and L-ornithine, was found in the DEC group. This information might be useful to identify mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the crosstalk between microbiota and DEC pathotypes.

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“…Glycerol degradation pathways are enriched in gut microbiotas of people with functional constipation 47 , elevated levels and cross-feeding of microbially derived formate have been associated with inflammation 48 , and levels of succinate as well as microbes producing or consuming it have been associated with obesity and related diseases 49 . Exchange of niacin (B3) and its importance for microbiota stability are supported by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence 40,50,51 , and microbial ornithine production promotes healthy gut mucosa through crosstalk with the host 52 . Thus, the predicted exchanges appear plausible, and they amount to hypotheses on specific producers and consumers, which are hard to identify experimentally.…”

Section: Metabolite Exchanges In the Human Gutmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scalable metabolic pathway analysis

Øyås

Stelling

2020

Preprint

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The scope of application of genome-scale constraint-based models (CBMs) of metabolic networks rapidly expands toward multicellular systems. However, comprehensive analysis of CBMs through metabolic pathway analysis remains a major computational challenge because pathway numbers grow combinatorially with model sizes. Here, we define the minimal pathways (MPs) of a metabolic (sub)network as a subset of its elementary flux vectors. We enumerate or sample them eciently using iterative minimization and a simple graph representation of MPs. These methods outper-form the state of the art and they allow scalable pathway analysis for microbial and mammalian CBMs. Sampling random MPs from Escherichia coli’s central carbon metabolism in the context of a genome-scale CBM improves predictions of gene importance, and enumerating all minimal exchanges in a host-microbe model of the human gut predicts exchanges of metabolites associated with host-microbiota homeostasis and human health. MPs thereby open up new possibilities for the detailed analysis of large-scale metabolic networks.

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Lactobacillus maintains healthy gut mucosa by producing L-Ornithine

Cited by 82 publications

References 49 publications

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Gut Microbiota-Metabolome Changes in Children With Diarrhea by Diarrheagenic E. coli

Scalable metabolic pathway analysis

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