Lactobacillus crispatus inhibits the infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies, in vitro study

Nardini, Paola; Palomino, Rogers Alberto Ñahui; Parolin, Carola; Laghi, Luca; Foschi, Claudio; Cevenini, Roberto; Vitali, Beatrice; Marangoni, Antonella

doi:10.1038/srep29024

Cited by 99 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These strains have been characterized for their activity against Candida , C. trachomatis , and urogenital/intestinal bacteria (Parolin et al, 2015; Nardini et al, 2016; Siroli et al, 2017). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Lactobacillus Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Human Tissues Ex Vivo

et al. 2017

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Lactobacillus species, which dominate vaginal microbiota of healthy reproductive-age women, lower the risks of sexually transmitted infections, including the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. The exact mechanisms of this protection remain to be understood. Here, we investigated these mechanisms in the context of human cervico-vaginal and lymphoid tissues ex vivo. We found that all six Lactobacillus strains tested in these systems significantly suppressed HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection. We identified at least three factors that mediated this suppression: (i) Acidification of the medium. The pH of the undiluted medium conditioned by lactobacilli was between 3.8 and 4.6. Acidification of the culture medium with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to this pH in control experiments was sufficient to abrogate HIV-1 replication. However, the pH of the Lactobacillus-conditioned medium (CM) diluted fivefold, which reached ∼6.9, was also suppressive for HIV-1 infection, while in control experiments HIV-1 infection was not abrogated when the pH of the medium was brought to 6.9 through the use of HCl. This suggested the existence of other factors responsible for HIV-1 inhibition by lactobacilli. (ii) Lactic acid. There was a correlation between the concentration of lactic acid in the Lactobacillus-CM and its ability to suppress HIV-1 infection in human tissues ex vivo. Addition of lactic acid isomers D and L to tissue culture medium at the concentration that corresponded to their amount released by lactobacilli resulted in HIV-1 inhibition. Isomer L was produced in higher quantities than isomer D and was mostly responsible for HIV-1 inhibition. These results indicate that lactic acid, in particular its L-isomer, inhibits HIV-1 independently of lowering of the pH. (iii) Virucidal effect. Incubation of HIV-1 in Lactobacillus-CM significantly suppressed viral infectivity for human tissues ex vivo. Finally, lactobacilli adsorb HIV-1, serving as a sink decreasing the number of free virions. In summary, we found that lactobacilli inhibit HIV-1 replication in human tissue ex vivo by multiple mechanisms. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of altering the spectra of vaginal microbiota as an effective strategy to enhance vaginal health. Human tissues ex vivo may serve as a test system for these strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Lactobacillus Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Human Tissues Ex Vivo

et al. 2017

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“…However, lactobacilli supernatants exhibited greater inhibition than only lactic acid, suggesting synergism with other lactobacilli metabolites. Interestingly, both shorter EB/lactobacilli supernatant incubation times, as well as increased lactobacilli consumption of glucose by the most active strains, were related to higher inhibitory activity [89]. Overall, these studies indicate the potential of a range of probiotics in inhibiting and managing chlamydial infections.…”

Section: Biomedical Phytochemical Groups and Anti-infective Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

et al. 2016

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Due to the global prevalence of Chlamydiae, exploring studies of diverse antichlamydial compounds is important in the development of effective treatment strategies and global infectious disease management. Chlamydiaceae is the most widely known bacterial family of the Chlamydiae order. Among the species in the family Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae cause common human diseases, while Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia suis represent zoonotic threats or are endemic in human food sources. Although chlamydial infections are currently manageable in human populations, chlamydial infections in livestock are endemic and there is significant difficulty achieving effective treatment. To combat the spread of Chlamydiaceae in humans and other hosts, improved methods for treatment and prevention of infection are needed. There exist various studies exploring the potential of natural products for developing new antichlamydial treatment modalities. Polyphenolic compounds can inhibit chlamydial growth by membrane disruption, reestablishment of host cell apoptosis, or improving host immune system detection. Fatty acids, monoglycerides, and lipids can disrupt the cell membranes of infective chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs). Peptides can disrupt the cell membranes of chlamydial EBs, and transferrins can inhibit chlamydial EBs from attachment to and permeation through the membranes of host cells. Cellular metabolites and probiotic bacteria can inhibit chlamydial infection by modulating host immune responses and directly inhibiting chlamydial growth. Finally, early stage clinical trials indicate that polyherbal formulations can be effective in treating chlamydial infections. Herein, we review an important body of literature in the field of antichlamydial research.

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“…For example, Lactobacillus crispatus inhibits infection of HeLa cells by Chlamydia trachomatis , and inhibits growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a porcine model of vaginal mucosa [1,2]. In addition, a recent report suggests that L. crispatus alters cervicovaginal mucus in such a way that trapping of HIV particles in enhanced [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined oral contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome

et al. 2017

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OBJECTIVES Prior studies suggest that the composition of the vaginal microbiome may positively or negatively affect susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Some female hormonal contraceptive methods also appear to positively or negatively influence STI transmission and BV. Therefore changes in the vaginal microbiome that are associated with different contraceptive methods may explain, in part, effects on STI transmission and BV. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective study of 16S rRNA gene survey data of vaginal samples from a subset of participants from the Human Vaginal Microbiome Project at Virginia Commonwealth University. The subset included 682 women who reported using a single form of birth control that was condoms, combined oral contraceptives (COCs), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), or the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). RESULTS Women using COCs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29, 95% CI [0.13, 0.64]), and DMPA (aOR 0.34, 95% CI [0.13, 0.89]), but not LNG-IUS (aOR 1.55, 95% CI [0.72, 3.35]) were less likely to be colonized by BV-associated bacteria relative to women who used condoms. Women using COCs (aOR, 1.94, 95% CI [1.25 3.02]) were more likely to be colonized by beneficial H2O2-producing Lactobacillus species compared with women using condoms, while women using DMPA (aOR 1.09, 95% CI [0.63, 1.86]) and LNG-IUS (aOR 0.74, 95% CI [0.48, 1.15]) were not. CONCLUSIONS Use of COCs is significantly associated with increased vaginal colonization by healthy lactobacilli and reduced BV-associated taxa. IMPLICATIONS COC use may positively influence gynecologic health through an increase in healthy lactobacilli and a decrease in BV-associated bacterial taxa.

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Lactobacillus crispatus inhibits the infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies, in vitro study

Cited by 99 publications

References 43 publications

Vaginal Lactobacillus Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Human Tissues Ex Vivo

Vaginal Lactobacillus Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Human Tissues Ex Vivo

Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

Effects of combined oral contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome

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