Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Enhances the In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Geniposide in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells

Abstract

This study investigated the enhanced antiproliferative effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on geniposide actions in human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-3 cells. An MTT assay, flow cytometry, qPCR assay, western blot and HPLC were used for this study. The concentration of 1.0 × 106 CFU/mL of LcS had no effect on the HOK normal oral epithelial cells and HSC-3 cancer cells. The 25 and 50 µg/mL geniposide concentrations also had no impact on HOK normal oral epithelial cells, but they had remarkable inhibitory effects on the growth of HSC-3 cancer cells, which are enhanced in the presence of LcS. By the flow cytometry assay, the LcS-geniposide-H (1.0 × 106 CFU/mL LcS and 50 µg/mL geniposide)-treated HSC-3 cancer cells had the largest number of cells undergoing apoptosis compared to cells treated with other combinationsand obviously more than cells treated with only geniposide-H (50 µg/mL geniposide). Geniposide-H could increase the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, p53, p21, IκB-α, Fas, FasL, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 as well as decrease those of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, HIAP-1, HIAP-2, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 compared to other groups of cells, and LcS further enhanced these changes, with results that are greater than for the cells treated with only a high concentration of geniposide. The results of this study show thatLcS enhanced the antiproliferative effect of geniposide in HSC-3 cancer cells.

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01‐fermented soybean milk on activated carbon‐induced constipation through its antioxidant activity in mice

“…The blood and small intestinal tissues of the mice were kept at −20°C. The length of the small intestine and the propelling length of the activated carbon (length of GI transit) were determined, and the propulsion rate was calculated using the formula = (length of GI transit/length of small intestine) × 100% (Qian, Song, Sun, et al, ).…”

“…The collected mice plasma was centrifuged at 2,490 × g for 15 min. The MTL, Gas, ET, SS, AChE, SP, and VIP serum levels in mice were measured using kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute; Qian, Song, Sun, et al, ).…”

“…The small intestine tissues of the collected mice were treated with homogenate (S10, Ningbo Scientz Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). The MPO, NO, MDA, and GSH levels in the small intestine tissue were measured using kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute; Qian, Song, Sun, et al, ).…”

“…The tissue morphology was observed using a microscope (BX43F; Olympus). Changes in the small intestine tissues were observed to evaluate the effects of the soybean milk (Qian, Song, Sun, et al, ).…”

“…The mRNA expression levels (Table ) were measured by real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR; StepOnePlus, Thermo Fisher Scientific) to conduct 40 cycles at 95°C for 3 min (predenaturation), 95°C for 10 s (denaturation), 57°C for 30 s (annealing), and 72°C for 15 s (extension). The relative mRNA expression levels were ultimately calculated using the 2 −ΔΔCr formula (Qian, Song, Sun, et al, ; Qian, Song, Yi, et al, ).…”