Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei Attenuate Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization and Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro

Abstract

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks associated with the consumption of poultry meat and eggs. Salmonella colonization in chicken is characterized by initial attachment to the cecal epithelial cells (CEC) followed by dissemination to the liver, spleen, and oviduct. Since cecal colonization is critical to Salmonella transmission along the food chain continuum, reducing this intestinal association could potentially decrease poultry meat and egg contamination. Hence, this study investigated the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbreuckii sub species bulgaricus (NRRL B548; LD), Lactobacillus paracasei (DUP-13076; LP), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B442; LR) in reducing SE, ST, and SH colonization in CEC and survival in chicken macrophages. Additionally, their effect on expression of Salmonella virulence genes essential for cecal colonization and survival in macrophages was evaluated. All three probiotics significantly reduced Salmonella adhesion and invasion in CEC and survival in chicken macrophages (p < 0.05). Further, the probiotic treatment led to a significant reduction in Salmonella virulence gene expression (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that LD, LP, and LR could potentially be used to control SE, ST, and SH colonization in chicken. However, these observations warrant further in vivo validation.

Organic acids and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol: major compounds of Weissella confusa WM36 cell-free supernatant against growth, survival and virulence of Salmonella Typhi

“…The CFCS concentrations at 20% (v/v) and MIC completely reduced Salmonella motility and are more effective than 10%. However, WM36-CFCS was less effective than the previous reports based on the concentration used the tested volume (Muyyarikkandy & Amalaradjou, 2017). Only 7.5% (v/v) of CFCS from Lactobacillus delbreuckii subspecies bulgaricus and L. paracasei reduced S. Typhimurium motility up to ∼25% and ∼15%.…”

“…Lactobacillus zeae culture fluid also down-regulate the expression of virulence genes responsible for T3SS and effector proteins (hilA, hilD, sopB, sopE2, sipA and sptP) of S. Typhimurium in vitro (Yang et al, 2014). L. delbreuckii NRRL B548, L. rhamnosus NRRL B442 and L. paracasei DUP-13076 culture supernatants at 7.5% (v/v) concentrations also down-regulated the expression of hilA, hilD, sipA and sopB of S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium (Muyyarikkandy & Amalaradjou, 2017). While further research is encouraged, this is the first report that W. confusa can reduce the expression of SPI-1 and effector genes of S. Typhi.…”

“…The reference samples had the 2 −ΔΔCt value of one. The treatment not subjected to CFCS treatment served as the reference sample (Bayoumi & Griffiths, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Muyyarikkandy & Amalaradjou, 2017;Yang et al, 2014).…”

“…Only 7.5% (v/v) of CFCS from Lactobacillus delbreuckii subspecies bulgaricus and L. paracasei reduced S. Typhimurium motility up to ∼25% and ∼15%. Similarly, the use of L. rhamnosus CFCS with a concentration at 7.5% (v/v) resulted in a reduction of three Salmonella serovars (Enteriditis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg), with motility increased to 40%, 30% and 20%, respectively (Muyyarikkandy & Amalaradjou, 2017). However, the pathogenic virulence strains should be considered as well.…”

Peer Review #2 of "Organic acids and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol: major compounds of Weissella confusa WM36 cell-free supernatant against growth, survival and virulence of Salmonella Typhi (v0.2)"

“…The reference samples had the 2 -∆∆Ct value of 1. The treatment not subjected to CFCS treatment served as the reference sample (Bayoumi & Griffiths, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Muyyarikkandy & Amalaradjou, 2017;Yang et al, 2014).…”