Lactic Acid, a Vaginal Microbiota Metabolite, Elicits an Anti-inflammatory Response from Vaginal and Cervical Epithelial Cells

HearpsAnna,; GugasyanRaffi,; SrbinovskiDaniela,; TyssenDavid,; AldunateMuriel,; AndersonDeborah, J; ConeRichard,; Tachedjian, Gilda

doi:10.1089/aid.2014.5527.abstract

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These effects appear to be at odds with the reported anti-inflammatory and non-inflammatory effects of vaginal lactobacilli (Kyongo et al, 2012 ; Rose et al, 2012 ; Yamamoto et al, 2013 ; Doerflinger et al, 2014 ). Therefore, we propagated the VK2/E6E7 epithelial cell line in transwell culture conditions (Hearps et al, 2014 ) and performed a direct comparison to standard tissue culture plate conditions described by Mossop et al ( 2011 ). Our study demonstrates that 0.3% L-lactic acid at pH 3.9 causes total cell death when VK2/E6E7 cells were cultured in standard tissue culture plates (Hearps et al, 2014 ) suggesting that toxicity may contribute to altered cytokine production.…”

Section: Immune Modulatory Effects Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Associatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we propagated the VK2/E6E7 epithelial cell line in transwell culture conditions (Hearps et al, 2014 ) and performed a direct comparison to standard tissue culture plate conditions described by Mossop et al ( 2011 ). Our study demonstrates that 0.3% L-lactic acid at pH 3.9 causes total cell death when VK2/E6E7 cells were cultured in standard tissue culture plates (Hearps et al, 2014 ) suggesting that toxicity may contribute to altered cytokine production. Another plausible explanation for the disparate results in these two studies is that L-lactic acid confers distinct immune effects at levels approaching physiologic concentrations (55–111 mM) and pH found in a healthy asymptomatic vagina.…”

Section: Immune Modulatory Effects Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Associatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

et al. 2015

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Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by vaginal microbiota have reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as biomarkers of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In asymptomatic women of reproductive-age the vaginal microbiota is comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria that are primarily responsible for the production of lactic acid present at ~110 mM and acidifying the vaginal milieu to pH ~3.5. In contrast, bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is characterized by decreased lactic acid-producing microbiota and increased diverse anaerobic bacteria accompanied by an elevated pH>4.5. BV is also characterized by a dramatic loss of lactic acid and greater concentrations of mixed SCFAs including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate. Notably women with lactic acid-producing microbiota have more favorable reproductive and sexual health outcomes compared to women with BV. Regarding the latter, BV is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. In vitro studies demonstrate that lactic acid produced by vaginal microbiota has microbicidal and virucidal activities that may protect against STIs and endogenous opportunistic bacteria as well as immune modulatory properties that require further characterization with regard to their effects on the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, BV-associated SCFAs have far less antimicrobial activity with the potential to contribute to a pro-inflammatory vaginal environment. Here we review the composition of lactic acid and SCFAs in respective states of eubiosis (non-BV) or dysbiosis (BV), their effects on susceptibility to bacterial/viral STIs and whether they have inherent microbicidal/virucidal and immune modulatory properties. We also explore their potential as biomarkers for the presence and/or increased susceptibility to STIs.

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Section: Immune Modulatory Effects Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Associatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Modulatory Effects Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Associatementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

et al. 2015

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“…Recent studies aimed to uncover the mechanism by which lactic acid can directly affect host immune functions, as for example by directly inhibiting pro‐inflammatory responses IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐1RA, (Hearps et al . ), inducing the Th17 lymphocyte pathway via IL‐23 in a dose‐dependent manner upon lipopolysaccharide co‐stimulation (Witkin et al . ), and helping to release mediators from vaginal epithelial cells and stimulating antiviral response by release of transforming growth factor‐β (Mossop et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology

Smith

Ravel

2016

The Journal of Physiology

310

243

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The interaction between the human host and the vaginal microbiota is highly dynamic. Major changes in the vaginal physiology and microbiota over a woman's lifetime are largely shaped by transitional periods such as puberty, menopause and pregnancy, while daily fluctuations in microbial composition observed through culture-independent studies are more likely to be the results of daily life activities and behaviours. The vaginal microbiota of reproductive-aged women is largely made up of at least five different community state types. Four of these community state types are dominated by lactic-acid producing Lactobacillus spp. while the fifth is commonly composed of anaerobes and strict anaerobes and is sometimes associated with vaginal symptoms. The production of lactic acid has been associated with contributing to the overall health of the vagina due to its direct and indirect effects on pathogens and host defence. Some species associated with non-Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota may trigger immune responses as well as degrade the host mucosa, processes that ultimately increase susceptibility to infections and contribute to negative reproductive outcomes such as infertility and preterm birth. Further studies are needed to better understand the functional underpinnings of how the vaginal microbiota affect host physiology but also how host physiology affects the vaginal microbiota. Understanding this fine-tuned interaction is key to maintaining women's reproductive health.

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“…Likewise, the intrauterine infusion of L. buchneri in cows with subclinical endometritis 24-30 days postpartum improved the first-service conception rate and reduced the median length of the calving-conception interval [107]. This treatment downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, confirming the immunomodulatory role of LAB [43,107,114].…”

Section: Effects Of Probiotics On Uterine Health and Fertility Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review

Adnane,

Whiston,

Tasara

et al. 2024

Animals

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Uterine disease in cattle impairs reproductive performance and profitability and increases antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, probiotics offer a promising alternative therapy. This review presents conceptual findings on the efficacy of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and fertility in cows. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. individually or as composite formulations are known to improve fertility. Strategic intravaginal administration of these formulations would likely enhance uterine immunity, particularly during the postpartum period. While current findings on the benefits to uterine health are encouraging, there is still significant knowledge missing, including a lack of empirical information from large-scale field trials. This review underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines for probiotics, such as genomic selection of formulations, targeted delivery, or potential synergy with other interventions. Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.

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Lactic Acid, a Vaginal Microbiota Metabolite, Elicits an Anti-inflammatory Response from Vaginal and Cervical Epithelial Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology

Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review

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