Lactational exposure to phthalates in Southern Italy

Latini, Giuseppe; Wittassek, Matthias; Vecchio, Antonio Del; Presta, G.; Felice, Claudio De; Angerer, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.002

Cited by 73 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…MiNP was infrequently detected in these samples, suggesting that the monoester may not be a sensitive biomarker of DiNP exposure. After metabolism studies in rats and humans indicated that the oxidative metabolites of DiNP were much more abundant than the monoester Silva et al 2006a), human biological monitoring studies began including one or more oxidative urinary metabolites (Latini et al 2009;Becker et al 2009;Ye et al 2008;Wittassek et al 2007;Fromme et al 2007;Silva et al 2006b), all of which are highly correlated with each other because they derive from the same parent metabolite (Silva et al 2006b). Subsequent analysis of 2,548 urine samples from NHANES 2005NHANES -2006 found that MCiOP was detected much more frequently (95.2% vs. 12.9%) and at higher concentration ranges than MiNP, confirming that MCiOP is a more sensitive biomarker of DiNP exposure than MiNP (Calafat et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in polyvinyl chloride processing operations

Hines

Hopf

Deddens

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in polyvinyl chloride processing operations

Hines

Hopf

Deddens

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…Nevertheless, phthalates are found in all kinds of food [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]. Breast milk is an additional source of phthalates for infants [88][89][90].…”

Section: Sources Of Ubiquitous Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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654

364

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Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.

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“…Dietary intake is undoubtedly a key exposure source of PAEs (Wormuth et al 2006;Latini et al 2009). Urban dust, which serves as a sink and repository for PAEs, is a particularly important pathway of human exposure to PAEs (Øie et al 1997;Becker et al 2004;Fromme et al 2004;Bornehag et al 2005;Wensing et al 2005;Abb et al 2009;Langer et al 2010;Weschler and Nazaroff 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and assessment of phthalate esters in urban dusts in Guangzhou city, China

Lan

Cui

Zeng

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) were examined in indoor and outdoor dust samples from the subtropical city of Guangzhou, China. The ∑(16)PAEs concentrations ranged from 121 to 3,223 μg g(-1) dust, with the median concentration of 840 μg g(-1) dust. Significantly higher concentrations of PAEs in dust samples were found in offices where electrical and electronic devices, carpet pads, and office furniture were widely used. Of the 16 PAEs, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAEs in indoor and outdoor dust samples, and accounted for >96.8% and >93.1% of the ∑(16)PAEs concentrations, respectively. The median daily inhalation exposure of ∑(16)PAEs were 3.53 and 0.247 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), and at the 95(th) percentile were 7.62 and 0.530 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), up on the measured concentrations and estimated dust ingestion rates, respectively, for toddles and adults. The ubiquitous distribution of PAEs as noted in this study suggests the need for detailed assessment of PAEs concentrations using more sites and to further investigate the factors influencing PAEs exposure in China.

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Lactational exposure to phthalates in Southern Italy

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in polyvinyl chloride processing operations

Occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in polyvinyl chloride processing operations

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Characteristics and assessment of phthalate esters in urban dusts in Guangzhou city, China

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