Lactational Effect of Propionic Acid and Duodenal Glucose in Cows

Rigout, S.; Hurtaud, Catherine; Lemosquet, Sophie; Bach, À.; Rulquin, Henri

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73603-0

Cited by 131 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There was significantly less 17:0 and cis-9 17:1 in milk from cows fed the higher MS diets. Some 17:0 is synthesised in the mammary gland from propionate (Rigout et al, 2003), and cis-9 17:1 is a product of mammary D 9 -desaturase activity (Fievez et al, 2003). As rumen fermentation products were not measured in this study, it is difficult to speculate on the lower amount of milk fat 17:0 from diets with increasing MS inclusion.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was examined using eight multiparous mid-lactation cows in a replicated 4 3 4 Latin square with 28-day experimental periods. Four treatments comprised the stepwise replacement of GS with MS (0, 160, 334 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in diets containing a 54 : 46 forage : concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Replacing GS with MS increased (P , 0.001) the DM intake, milk yield and milk protein content. Incremental replacement of GS with MS in the diet enhanced linearly (P , 0.001) the proportions of 6:0-14:0, decreased (P , 0.01) the 16:0 concentrations, but had no effect on the total milk fat saturated fatty acid content. Inclusion of MS altered the distribution of trans-18:1 isomers and enhanced (P , 0.05) total trans monounsaturated fatty acid and total conjugated linoleic acid content. Milk total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased with higher amounts of MS in the diet and n-6 PUFA concentration increased, leading to an elevated n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio. Despite some beneficial changes associated with the replacement of GS with MS, the overall effects on milk FA composition would not be expected to substantially improve long-term human health. However, the role of forages on milk fat composition must also be balanced against the increases in total milk and protein yield on diets containing higher proportions of MS.

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Section: --mentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The reduction in milk fat with glucose is mainly due to a decrease in the yield of LCFA, whereas with C3 the reduction in milk fat is associated with a decrease in the yield of all even-chain FA. Both nutrients decreased the plasma concentrations of milk fat precursors: C2, b-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified FA and total glycerides (Rigout et al, 2003;Lemosquet et al, 2009a). Hurtaud et al (1998) and Rigout et al (2002) proposed that the reduction in LCFA with glucose could also be due to a specific inhibiting effect of glucose on adipose tissues mobilization, leading to a lower contribution of LCFA to milk fat, or a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and mammary FA esterification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of milk fat concentration and yield to nutrient supply in dairy cows

Maxin

Rulquin

Glasser

2011

Animal

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Dietary changes alter dairy cow milk fat concentration (MFC) and yield (MFY) through modifications in the supply of nutrients, which act as precursors or inhibitors of mammary fat synthesis. The current models used to formulate dairy cow diets cannot predict changes in milk fat. The knowledge of the effects of the nutrients on milk fat would help to progress toward this prediction. To this end, we quantified and compared the milk fat responses to variations in the supply of seven nutrients derived from digestion: volatile fatty acids, glucose, proteins, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). A database was compiled from studies involving digestive infusions of these nutrients in dairy cows. It included 147 comparisons between a nutrient infusion and a control treatment. The nutrient infusions were limited to the range of physiological variations to mimic nutrient changes after dietary modifications. We established models for the response of MFC, MFY and milk fatty acid (FA) composition to the supply of each nutrient. MFC and MFY responses to the nutrients were significant and linear, except for the MFC response to glucose that was curvilinear. The nutrients differed in their effects on MFC and MFY: acetate, butyrate and LCFA increased MFC and MFY, whereas propionate, glucose and t10,c12-CLA decreased them. Protein infusions increased MFY and decreased MFC because of an increase in milk yield. The effects of numerous interfering factors related to animals, diets or experimental conditions were tested on the residuals of the response models. The responses of milk FA percentages are also provided. When adjusted to the in vivo variations in the nutrients observed after dietary changes, the effects of the different nutrients were moderate. Finally, this study showed that several of these nutrients could contribute to the changes in milk fat production and composition observed after dietary changes. This is a first step toward predicting milk fat response to changes in nutrient supply.Keywords: milk fat, dairy cow, meta-analysis, nutrients ImplicationsFluctuations in the milk fat market are driving demands from farmers for ways to control milk fat production and composition in dairy cows. The current models used to estimate dairy cow requirements and formulate diets cannot predict changes in milk fat. These models are based on energy and protein intake and do not consider the pattern of individual nutrients derived from digestion. Using published infusion studies, this meta-analysis quantifies and compares the effects on milk fat secretion of several nutrients derived from digestion. It is a first step toward a model to estimate variations in milk fat based on variations in nutrient supply.

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“…On the contrary, 22 out of 31 studies [8, 9, 15, 60, 61, 63-65, 67, 68, 78, 82, 99-107] reported a decrease in DMI after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients compared to 7 out of 14 studies [60,61,68,72,77,78,[108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116] on extra glycogenic nutrients which showed a decrease in DMI in the treatment group. In general, the negative effect of extra lipogenic sources on dry matter intake is higher when the degree of saturation of fatty acids is lower, probably because of the more pronounced negative effects of unsaturated fatty acids on rumen carbohydrate fermentation.…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

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-The pathway for oxidation of energy involves a balanced oxidation of C2 and C3 compounds. During early lactation in dairy cattle this C2/C3 ratio is out of balance, due to a high availability of lipogenic (C2) products and a low availability of glycogenic (C3) products relative of the C2 and C3 products required for milk production. This review compares studies which manipulated dietary energy source and shows that dietary energy source can affect the balance of the C2/C3 ratio, as indicated by plasma NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose levels. It is shown that glycogenic nutrients increase glucose and insulin concentrations and decrease NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. Extra lipogenic nutrients elevate NEFA and BHBA and decrease plasma glucose concentrations. Lipogenic nutrients generally increase milk fat percentage and decrease milk protein percentage, suggesting a surplus of C2 compounds. The inverse is the case for feeding extra glycogenic nutrients, implying reduced deamination and oxidation of glycogenic amino acids. Feeding extra glycogenic nutrients improved the energy balance (EB), in contrast to ambiguous results of lipogenic nutrients on EB. Moreover, glycogenic feed may reduce the severity of ketosis and fatty liver, but increased the incidence of (sub)clinical acidosis. Since studies are scarce, it seems difficult to draw conclusions on the effects of dietary energy source on reproduction. However, lipogenic nutrients decrease glucose and increase NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. High plasma NEFA and BHBA and low plasma glucose levels are associated with decreased reproductive performance, which might imply the C2/C3 compound balance to be important for reproductive function.lipogenic nutrients / glycogenic nutrients / reproduction / energy metabolism

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Lactational Effect of Propionic Acid and Duodenal Glucose in Cows

Cited by 131 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Response of milk fat concentration and yield to nutrient supply in dairy cows

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

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