Lactation during Pregnancy

Garza, Cutberto

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2415-7_22

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Breastfeeding concurrent with pregnancy occurs also in affluent societies (Garza, 1985;Moscone & Moore, 1993). A non-pregnant lactating woman may mobilize body fat equivalent to 840 kJ=day; whether this also occurs among women who are experiencing overlap is unknown.…”

Section: Changes In Mns During Overlap Between Lactation and Next Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A non-pregnant lactating woman may mobilize body fat equivalent to 840 kJ=day; whether this also occurs among women who are experiencing overlap is unknown. However, the quantity of milk produced decreases after the first few months of pregnancy, perhaps as a result of the increased production of progesterone during pregnancy in women experiencing overlap (Garza, 1985). No research from affluent societies is available that address the impact of overlap on MNS.…”

Section: Changes In Mns During Overlap Between Lactation and Next Prementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations between reproduction and maternal body weight: examining the component parts of a full reproductive cycle

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Many transitional societies currently face both extremes of nutritional status, undernutrition and overnutrition. Women of reproductive age are at high risk of these conditions. The purpose of this review is to consider evidence for relationships between reproduction and nutritional status in women from societies of varying economic development, using body weight or weight-for-height as indicators of maternal nutritional status. Design: The conceptual framework guiding this review is that the duration of the reproductive cycle varies as a function of its component parts, which include (i) pregnancy, (ii) lactation, (iii) the non-pregnant=non-lactating (NP=NL) interval or, possibly, (iv) an overlap between lactation and next pregnancy. All component parts of the complete cycle vary in length and are associated with changes in nutritional status. A variety of factors ('proximal and distal determinants') influence the duration of the component parts of the reproductive cycle. This framework is used to examine current knowledge of changes in maternal nutritional status during each of these parts. Results: Women in affluent societies retain some weight with each pregnancy, beyond that of non-pregnant women. Women in less affluent societies retain less weight with each pregnancy. During lactation, women in both affluent and less affluent societies experience only modest weight loss. During the NP=NL interval, women in affluent societies tend to gain weight, whereas weight of women in less affluent societies is likely to fluctuate. Conclusions: We conclude that there is a dearth of information on certain parts of the cycle, particularly the periods of overlap of lactation with pregnancy and the NP=NL interval.

show abstract

Section: Changes In Mns During Overlap Between Lactation and Next Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Mns During Overlap Between Lactation and Next Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between reproduction and maternal body weight: examining the component parts of a full reproductive cycle

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Postpartum Consequences of an Overlap of Breastfeeding and Pregnancy: Reduced Breast Milk Intake and Growth During Early Infancy

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Objective. Despite cultural pressure to wean when a new pregnancy occurs, some women choose to continue breastfeeding. We determined the effect of an overlap of lactation and late pregnancy on breastfeeding and growth in early infancy.Methods. We studied 133 Peruvian pregnant women who were >18 years of age, had a child <4 years old, and who then had a vaginal birth with a healthy, normal weight infant. Of the 133 women, 68 breastfed during the last trimester of pregnancy (BFP), and 65 had not breastfed during pregnancy (NBFP). On day 2 and at 1-month postpartum, 24-hour intake of breast milk and other liquids was measured. Twice weekly home surveillance documented infant morbidity and dietary intakes. Anthropometry was taken at birth and at 1 month. Maternal anthropometric, health, and socioeconomic status data were collected pre-and postpartum.Results. Pregnant BFP mothers breastfed 5.3 ؎ 4.3 times/day. BFP and NBFP infants did not differ in breastfeeding behavior or in colostrum intake on day 2. BFP infants breastfed longer per feed and per 24 hours (35.2 minutes/24 hours) than did NBFP infants; however, 1-month intakes per feed tended to be lower among the BFP infants. After controlling for confounders, BFP infants gained 125 g less than did NBFP infants (about 15% of mean weight gain). A sustained decline would result in a ؊0.7 z score change in weight-for-age by 6 months.Conclusions. A lactation-pregnancy overlap had a negative effect on early infant outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the effect continues past 1 month of age. Pediatrics 2002;109(4). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/4/e56; breastfeeding, pregnancy, overlap, breast milk volume, weight gain, infant feeding, Peru.ABBREVIATIONS. BFP, breastfed during pregnancy; NBFP, did not breastfeed during pregnancy; BMI, body mass index; SES, socioeconomic status; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. M any women throughout the world breastfeed for as long as possible to give their children the nutritional, immunologic, and emotional benefits of breastfeeding. When lactation overlaps a new pregnancy, some women choose not to wean their toddlers, although there may be strong cultural taboos against continuing to breastfeed. 1,2 The practice of continuing to breastfeed during pregnancy has been reported among US women but might not be discussed with health professionals because of anticipated criticism of the practice. [3][4][5] Breastfeeding during pregnancy is more common in some low-income countries than in the United States because shorter birth intervals increase the likelihood of a pregnancy-lactation overlap.It has been suggested that an overlap could produce suboptimal outcomes for both pregnancy and subsequent lactation. 6 -8 Dairy research has demonstrated that a complete overlap of lactation during pregnancy dramatically compromises the total production of mature milk during the next lactation period. 9 -14 A dry (nonmilking) period of approximately 2 months before calving is usual in the da...

show abstract

Lactation during Pregnancy

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Associations between reproduction and maternal body weight: examining the component parts of a full reproductive cycle

Associations between reproduction and maternal body weight: examining the component parts of a full reproductive cycle

Postpartum Consequences of an Overlap of Breastfeeding and Pregnancy: Reduced Breast Milk Intake and Growth During Early Infancy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About