Lactation and Lactational Amenorrhoea With Post-Partum Iucd Insertions

Hingorani, V.; Bai, Geeta

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0230513

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(2 reference statements)

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“…It should not be expected to have an effect on lactation (either positive or negative). Studies of lactation in women using the IUD confirm this 33,35–45…”

Section: The Effect Of Iuds On Lactationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Intrauterine contraception after cesarean section and during lactation: a systematic review

Goldstuck¹,

Steyn²

2013

IJWH

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BackgroundAll postpartum women, including those who are breastfeeding or have had a cesarean section, appear potentially suited to intrauterine contraception, a long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC). Like any other method used after delivery, it should not interfere with lactation or be affected by cesarean section.Study designWe searched the MEDLINE, PubMed, Popline, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases from January 1968 through to December 2012. Studies were included if they reported event rates in women who had a cesarean section and event rates and clinical outcomes in lactating women or their infants in the breastfeeding group. Summary odds ratios were not calculated because of the diverse methods of reporting event rates in the cesarean section group and the heterogeneity of the results in the breastfeeding group.ResultsWe found 26 articles on event rates in interval and post-placental intrauterine device (IUD) use, and 18 on event rates and clinical outcomes in breastfeeding IUD users. Four prospective studies and one retrospective study showed an increased expulsion rate in interval insertion. There were 19 studies, of which five were controlled in post-placental IUD insertion after cesarean section. Four studies had expulsion rates of 10 or more per 100 woman-years of use and 15 expulsion rates below 10 per 100 woman-years of use. Three studies showed that event rates for lactating IUD users are the same as those for non-lactating users. Fifteen controlled studies showed that the IUD had no effect on milk production and seven of these showed no effect on infant growth. Pharmacovigilance databases report an increased rate of IUD perforations in lactating women, while the event rate studies report that insertion is generally easier and less painful than expected. These were uncontrolled reports.ConclusionThe IUD is a long-acting reversible method of contraception with expulsion rates of 5–15 per 100 woman-years of use when used as a post-placental method immediately after cesarean section. As an interval procedure (6 or more weeks after cesarean section) it appears to have a high expulsion rate (5% or higher) notably in older devices. The IUD does not affect breastfeeding and is easy to insert in these women, but appears to be associated with a higher perforation rate (>1 per 100). Providers should not be deterred from using this contraception method, especially in developing countries, but should be attentive to preventing these potential problems.

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“…It should not be expected to have an effect on lactation (either positive or negative). Studies of lactation in women using the IUD confirm this 33,35–45…”

Section: The Effect Of Iuds On Lactationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Intrauterine contraception after cesarean section and during lactation: a systematic review

Goldstuck¹,

Steyn²

2013

IJWH

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“…Those with IUDs lactated for 2 months longer on average than in previous lactations. In India, Hingorani & Bai (1970) found the average length of lactation in women fitted with IUDs to be 10-86 months, compared with 6-99 months in controls; but this difference was not statistically significant. There seems to be no evidence on amounts of milk secreted, with and without IUDs.…”

Section: Do Non-steroidal Methods Of Contraception Affect Lactation? mentioning

confidence: 88%

Do non-steroidal methods of contraception affect lactation?

Thomson¹

1977

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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I have not encountered any evidence, anecdotal or otherwise, that lactation is influenced by male methods of contraception including coitus interruptus, or by female barrier or chemical (other than hormonal) methods.The use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) has been claimed to enhance lactation. In Chile, Gomez-Rogers et al. (1967) studied 81 women fitted with IUDs at an average of 50 days post-partum, in whom the lactation half-life (time when 50% had stopped nursing) was 7 months 21 days. In 150 controls, the lactation half-life was 4 months 21 days, the difference being statistically significant.

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“…At the 8th IPPF International Conference in Santiago, Gomez-Rogers [Ill reported that lactating mothers using the IUCD had a significantly longer duration the infant. Combined oral contraceptives However, three other studies showed no should, therefore, not be recommended for significant changes in lactation in IUCD use during lactation -especially not before users [7, 14,16]. 6 months postpartum.…”

Section: Other Contraceptive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%