Lacrime e sangue. Martirio e missione nella Compagnia di Gesù in età moderna

Colombo, Emanuele

doi:10.1484/j.asr.5.118270

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… (Ribadeneyra 1592, p. 198r): "El qual huvo la Imagen como la desseava, y la puso en su Capilla, y despues hizo sacar otros retratos della, y la communicó à muchos Principes, y señores, y casas de la Compañia".4There is a large literature on martyrs and martyrdom in the early modern world. For orientation, see recent overviews of Jesuit martyrdom in(Colombo 2019 andRussell 2020), together with(Betrán 2020). On the cult of Azevedo see(Osswald 2010;San Juan 2017;Fabre 2018).5…”

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Martyrs and Madonnas: Inácio de Azevedo, the Brazil Martyrs, and the Global Circulation of the Madonna of Santa Maria Maggiore

Nelles

2023

Religions

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The article offers a revisionist account of the early circulation of copies of the Madonna of Santa Maria Maggiore, known since the nineteenth century as the Salus Populi Romani. Traditionally, the propulsion of the image into global circulation has been attributed variously to Pius V or Francisco Borja, the third Superior General of the Society of Jesus. The article argues that the circulation of the Saint Luke Madonna, as it was known at the time, was closely tied to the martyr’s cult that grew up around the Jesuit missionary Inácio de Azevedo and the so-called Brazil Martyrs, a group of Jesuits murdered by Calvinist corsairs off the Canary Islands in 1570. Azevedo had intended to carry a copy of the Roman icon to Brazil, a copy that perished at sea with Azevedo and the party of Jesuit missionaries. The article suggests that the popularity of the image among Jesuits in Europe and the overseas missions was fueled by the nascent martyr’s cult that followed Azevedo’s death. Painted copies of the Saint Luke Madonna came to function, together with relics of the Eleven Thousand Virgins of Cologne, as proxies for the missing material remains of the martyred Jesuits. The article argues that while the distribution of the image was globally extensive, circulation was restricted to an internal Jesuit martyr’s cult.

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Martyrs and Madonnas: Inácio de Azevedo, the Brazil Martyrs, and the Global Circulation of the Madonna of Santa Maria Maggiore

Nelles

2023

Religions

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“…L'immagine del grande impero della Cina costruita sui racconti missionari era quella di un mondo ben governato, popolato da gente gentile e virtuosa, depositario di un antichissimo sapere; in ragione di tutte queste e altre positive caratteristiche, la Cina era in grado non solo di sollecitare il fascino per l'esotico o la sete di avventura e di nuove conoscenze, ma anche il desiderio di andarvi per rivivere l'esperienza della chiesa primitiva, del primo cristianesimo e degli apostoli, quella di Paolo di Tarso nell'Aeropago del dio ignoto e dei primi cristiani martirizzati (Uçerler 2016). Da questo punto di vista la Cina, anche se meno del Giappone, costituì un ideale missionario in forza del suo essere più perfetta e autentica secondo i canoni martiriali, perché più somigliante allo spazio dei martiri dell'antichità (Cañeque 2016, 39;Colombo 2019). Era solo ed esclusivamente per questo Oriente civilizzato che José de Acosta rivendicava l'uso del metodo apostolico.…”

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Contando i martiri in Cina. La controversia sul martirio in uno spazio missionario globale

Catto¹

2022

Storicamente

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It was not difficult for a foreigner in China to get killed. China was the country that resembled Ancient Pagan Europe most closely and thus it was the perfect place for martyrs. Nevertheless, among the many Jesuits who suffered persecution, tribulation, imprisonment and torture, few of them suffered death for hatred of their religion. Such an absence became a matter for disputation among the religious orders over the Chinese Rites. If bloodshed was a requisite for the spread of Christianity, the lack of martyrs of the Society of Jesus was proof that the type of Christianity they preached in China was not the true faith, but an adapted and compromised version. Among the first observers of this peculiar absence of Jesuit martyrs in China was Bishop Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (1600-1659), one of the main opponents of the Jesuit method adopted in China. In his writings, the absence of Jesuit martyrs became the confirmation that the adaptation practised by the Jesuits had denied the Christian message its most subversive power and witness to the faith.

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“…L'argomento del desiderio del martirio come ragione per aver scelto la Compagnia ritorna spesso in queste lettere, in cui il Giappone continua ad essere indicato come la meta favorita, nonostante fosse nota l'impossibilità ad entrarvi. Se negli anni Quaranta, dunque, la partenza per il Giappone poteva in qualche modo essere considerata plausibile, benché fortemente improbabile, chiedere il Giappone nella seconda metà del Seicento significava di fatto indicare una meta idealizzata, una terra inaccessibile ma simbolo del martirio (Colombo 2019: 94) 21 .…”

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Il viaggio come paradigma esistenziale nella Bibbia e nella letteratura ebraica antica

Zatelli

2021

Studi E Saggi

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The divine command issued to Abraham in Genesis 12,1: «Go (lek-lekà) from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you», presents us with a dramatic image of the human existence as it unfolds in the Bible and in the ancient Hebrew texts. It is a departure for an undisclosed destination from which there is no coming back, an act of unconditional trust. The patriarchs describe themselves as wanderers and nomads (see Genesis 47,9) and the road (derek), the way becomes a metaphor for life. True life lies beyond the known world; only those who take upon themselves to embark on a long and perilous journey will see the “promised land” towards which Israel’s and humanity’s adventure leads.

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Lacrime e sangue. Martirio e missione nella Compagnia di Gesù in età moderna

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Martyrs and Madonnas: Inácio de Azevedo, the Brazil Martyrs, and the Global Circulation of the Madonna of Santa Maria Maggiore

Martyrs and Madonnas: Inácio de Azevedo, the Brazil Martyrs, and the Global Circulation of the Madonna of Santa Maria Maggiore

Contando i martiri in Cina. La controversia sul martirio in uno spazio missionario globale

Il viaggio come paradigma esistenziale nella Bibbia e nella letteratura ebraica antica

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