Lack of Zika virus antibody response in confirmed patients in non-endemic countries

Lustig, Yaniv; Cotar, Ani Ioana; Ceianu, Cornelia Svetlana; Castilletti, Concetta; Zelená, Hana; Burdino, Elisa; Tienen, Carla van; Avšič, Tatjana; Aarons, Emma; Reusken, Chantal

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.12.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Irrespective of the complex underlying reasons, the observed decrease in ZIKV NS1-specific antibody levels over time was reminiscent of the complete lack of seroconversion in follow-up samples of two different cohorts. First, from RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infections in travelers using the same NS1-based serologic test 42 days post onset of symptoms [23]. Second, from a recent serological survey in the Pacific islands following patients during a 2-year period, showing a marked decrease in ZIKV overall seroprevalence in French Polynesia from 37 to 22% and in Fiji from 24 to 12% [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus within the Flaviviridae family. After decades of circulation in Asia, ZIKV was introduced to Brazil in 2014–2015, associated with a rise in congenital malformations. Unlike the genetically related dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV constitutes only one serotype. Although assumed that ZIKV infection may engender lifelong immunity, the long-term kinetics of ZIKV antibody responses are unclear. We assessed long-term kinetics of ZIKV NS1-IgG response in 144 individuals from 3 different subpopulations: HIV patients, tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals first tested in 2016 and retested 1.5–2 years after the 2015–2016 ZIKV epidemic in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, using a widely distributed NS1-based commercial ELISA. The seropositivity in 2016 reached 59.0% (85/144, 95% confidence interval (CI) 50.7–66.7%), and decreased to 38.6% (56/144, CI 31.3–47.0%) 1.5–2 years later. In addition, the median ZIKV NS1-ELISA reactivity for individuals that remained positive in both timepoints significantly decreased from a ratio of 4.4 (95% CI 3.8–5.0) to 1.6 (95% CI 1.6–1.9) over the 2-year interval (Z: − 6.1; p < 0.001) irrespective of the subpopulation analyzed. Initial 2016 DENV antibody response was non-significant between groups, suggesting comparable DENV background. The high 20.6% seroreversion suggest that widely used serologic tests may fail to account a considerable proportion of past ZIKV infections in flavivirus endemic countries. In addition, ZIKV immunity might be shorter-lived than previously thought, which may contribute to local ZIKV resurgence once individual immune responses wane sufficiently to reduce community protective immunity in addition to birth and migration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…A limitation of this study is that its cross-sectional design makes it impossible to confirm whether the observed low ZIKV antibody titers in some participants are indeed due to waning, or if these participants never developed (high titer) antibodies against ZIKV. However, since it has been demonstrated that seroconversion after a ZIKV infection generally occurs, a lack of seroconversion is not likely to be the explanation for the low seroprevalence found in this cohort [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Langerak¹,

Kasbergen²,

Chandler³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: In 2015–2016, a large Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak occurred in the Americas. Although the exact ZIKV antibody kinetics after infection are unknown, recent evidence indicates the rapid waning of ZIKV antibodies in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine the levels of ZIKV antibodies more than three years after a ZIKV infection. Methods: We performed ZIKV virus neutralization tests (VNT) and a commercial ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA in a cohort of 49 participants from Suriname who had a polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed ZIKV infection more than three years ago. Furthermore, we determined the presence of antibodies against multiple dengue virus (DENV) antigens. Results: The ZIKV seroprevalence in this cohort, assessed with ZIKV VNT and ZIKV NS1 IgG ELISA, was 59.2% and 63.3%, respectively. There was, however, no correlation between these two tests. Furthermore, we did not find evidence of a potential negative influence of DENV immunity on ZIKV antibody titers. Conclusions: ZIKV seroprevalence, assessed with two commonly used serological tests, was lower than expected in this cohort of participants who had a confirmed previous ZIKV infection. This can have implications for future ZIKV seroprevalence studies and possibly for the duration of immunological protection after a ZIKV infection.

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“…However, a definitive diagnosis based on serology only is hampered by the existence of a high degree of cross-reactivity between Zika virus and other flaviviruses and their vaccines. In addition, populations with a high background of other flavivirus infections, such as dengue virus, might lack hightiter Zika virus-specific antibody production (also known as original antigenic sin) (2,3). Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is the most reliable method for confirming Zika virus infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Whole-Blood Testing for Diagnosis of Acute Zika Virus Infections in Routine Diagnostic Setting

Voermans¹,

Pas²,

Linden³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Lack of Zika virus antibody response in confirmed patients in non-endemic countries

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Whole-Blood Testing for Diagnosis of Acute Zika Virus Infections in Routine Diagnostic Setting

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