Lack of retrograde amnesia effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock and carbon dioxide treatments.

Nachman, Marvin; Meinecke, R

doi:10.1037/h0027633

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A particularly salient example of this type of familiarization is seen when amnestic subjects are reexposed to the training/amnestic event. For example, Riccio and Stikes (1969) obtained no detectable retention loss in rats following the second sequence of onetrial punishment training/hypothermia, and similar outcomes have been reported for other agents (Kesner, McDonough, & Doty, 1970;Nachman & Meinecke, 1969). Thus, the evidence that FS in this paradigm reactivated memory sufficiently to render it vulnerable to amnesia is of interest, since the FS might have functioned akin to further training and strengthened memory rather than permitting RA.…”

Section: Experiments Ibmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several studies have found that prior exposure to one or more of the components of training will attenuate the effectiveness of RA treatments (Hinderliter & Riccio, 1977;Hinderliter, Smith, & Misanin, 1973;Jensen & Riccio, 1970;Nachman & Meinecke, 1969). A particularly salient example of this type of familiarization is seen when amnestic subjects are reexposed to the training/amnestic event.…”

Section: Experiments Ibmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But our expectation of attenuated RA was not confirmed, as hypothermia-induced RA following a CS-UCS presentation was comparable to that in the NCFS group. Although this result appears to contrast with other research showing a sharp increment in memory when the training-amnestic treatment is repeated (Kesner, et al ., 1970;Nachman & Meinecke, 1969;Riccio & Stikes, 1970), two important differences between the paradigms should be noted. First, the present study employed an abridged portion of the original training session, rather than an identical trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrograde amnesia for previously acquired Pavlovian conditioning: UCS exposure as a reactivation treatment

1982

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Section: Experiments Ibmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Experiments Ibmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrograde amnesia for previously acquired Pavlovian conditioning: UCS exposure as a reactivation treatment

1982

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“…Therefore, it is possible that a reinstatement, reminder, or familiarization effect might have been observed in the present study had the interval between the training sessions been reduced from 7 days. Similarly, the failure to observe a memory deficit in rats following a second training-ECS or training-CO2 treatment (Nachman and Meinecke, 1969) or second traininghypothermia treatment (Riccio and Stikes, 1969) may be due to the use of a 1-day interval between each session. While differences in species and paradigm preclude rigorous comparisons of these studies with the present one, it should be noted that the use of partial learning and multiple trials provides learning curves and avoids ceiling effects inherent in the one-trial passive-avoidance paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive shock- or puromycin-induced retention deficits in goldfish given two active-avoidance sessions

Springer

Agranoff

1976

Behavioral Biology

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In a factorial design, goldfish received 15 active-avoidance training trials on Days 1, 7, and 13 followed by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or no treatment after the training session on Days 1 and 7. The final retention deficits observed when ECS was given after the f'trst session only or after the second session only were similar. Fish given ECS after both sessions showed a cumulative deficit that approximated the sum of the two effects. Similar results were obtained with puromycin. These data support the hypothesis that ECS and puromycin impair only recent learning. Retrograde amnesia gradients confirmed that the efficacy of these amnestic agents was not altered by a second administration. Intracranial injection of inhibitors of protein or of RNA synthesis to goldfish before or just following a training session disrupts fixation of long-term memory of the training session (Agranoff, 1974). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is also effective in producing amnesia (Davis et al., 1965), but the relationship of its mechanism of action to that of the antibiotics is unknown. Recent experiments with goldfish have indicated that ECS, like the protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors, can exert its effect proactively in a multitrial active-avoidance task (Springer et al., 1975). Since acquisition is demonstrated to be unimpaired, this result suggests that the amnestic effect of ECS is related to a sequela of the treatment rather than to events occurring at the time of shock administration, such as the resulting convulsions. A puzzling aspect of ECS effects in rats is the claim that memory can become refractory to disruption by repeated treatments (Nachman and Meinecke, 1969). If goldfish memory also becomes refractory to ECS the finding might well provide additional insights into the nature of ECS action. It was therefore of interest to investigate ECS impaired retention in goldfish following a second administration. The possible loss of effectiveness of a second puromycin injection after a second training session was also examined.

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“…The theory states that ECS destroys information to be stored in long-term memory and subsequently produces a permanent retrograde amnesia (McGaugh & Herz, 1972). Recent experiments have attempted to invalidate consolidation theory by demonstrating (a) the occurrence of spontaneous recovery of memory following ECS-induced amnesia (Kohlenberg & Trabasso , 1968 ;Miller, 1968;Zinkin & Miller, 1967), (b) attenuation of ECS-induced amnesia with repeated training-ECS trials (Kesner, McDonough, & Doty, 1970;Nachman & Meinecke , 1969), and (c) recovery from ECS-induced amnesia with exposure to "reminder" cues (Quartermain, McEwen, & Azmitia, 1970;Springer & Miller, 1972). These data have been interpreted in support of a different theory which emphasizes that ECS only disrupts retrieval processes (Miller & Springer, 1973 ;Weiskrantz, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cue-dependent recovery from ECS-induced amnesia: Evidence for time dependence

Kesner

Conner

1974

Psychobiology

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Twenty-four hours after the administration of a footshock (FS) followed 4 or 256 sec later by an electroconvulsive shock (ECS), rats exhibited amnesia for the aversive experience. They were then given a "reminder" cue (tone), which was earlier paired as a conditioned stimulus with footshocks. Presentation of the tone resulted in attenuation of the amnestic effect in FS•ECS 256-sec delay group but failed to alter the amnestic effect in FS-ECS 4•sec delay group. Results were interpreted in support of an "incomplete" memory consolidation hypothesis.

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Lack of retrograde amnesia effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock and carbon dioxide treatments.

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Retrograde amnesia for previously acquired Pavlovian conditioning: UCS exposure as a reactivation treatment

Retrograde amnesia for previously acquired Pavlovian conditioning: UCS exposure as a reactivation treatment

Electroconvulsive shock- or puromycin-induced retention deficits in goldfish given two active-avoidance sessions

Cue-dependent recovery from ECS-induced amnesia: Evidence for time dependence

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