Lack of Recovery in Male Alcoholics' Neuropsychological Performance One Year after Treatment

Yohman, J. Robert; Parsons, Oscar A.; Leber, William R.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05530.x

Cited by 83 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have shown persisting cognitive deficits in alcoholics who remained abstinent for 1 to 5 years (Brandt, Butters, Ryan, & Bayog, 1983;Fabian & Parsons, 1983;Grant, 1987;Yohman, Parsons, & Leber, 1985) while others have found minimal cognitive impairments in alcoholics with shorter durations of abstinence (Eckardt et al, 1995). These findings have led to speculation that cognitive deficits following the acute phase of withdrawal may be relatively static (Grant, Adams, & Reed, 1984;Goldman, 1986;Grant, Unkenstein, & Bowden, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of abstinence and relapse upon neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose metabolism in severe chronic alcoholism

Johnson-Greene

Adams

Gilman

et al. 1997

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prolonged excessive consumption of alcohol has been associated with a variety of cognitive disorders accompanied by neuropathological and neurochemical abnormalities of the brain, particularly in the frontal lobes. Studies with positron emission tomography (PET) have shown decreased local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (lCMRglc) in frontal regions, with correlated abnormalities on neuropsychological tests sensitive to executive functioning. This investigation was designed as a pilot study to examine the effects of abstinence and relapse in patients with severe chronic alcoholism studied longitudinally with PET and with neuropsychological evaluation to assess both general and executive functioning. Six patients, including 4 who remained relatively abstinent and 2 who relapsed following their initial evaluation, were studied twice, with inter-evaluation intervals ranging from 10 to 32 months. The patients who remained abstinent or who had minimal alcohol use showed partial recovery of lCMRglc in two of three divisions of the frontal lobes and improvement on neuropsychological tests of general cognitive and executive functioning, whereas the patients who relapsed had further declines in these areas. These results, although based upon a relatively small number of subjects, provide preliminary support for at least partial recovery of metabolic and cognitive functioning in individual patients who abstain from alcohol.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of abstinence and relapse upon neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose metabolism in severe chronic alcoholism

Johnson-Greene

Adams

Gilman

et al. 1997

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sullivan Leber, Jenkins, & Parsons, 1981;Mann, Gunther, Stetter, & Ackermann, 1999;Pitel et al, 2009;Rosenbloom et al, 2004;Rourke & Grant, 1999;Yohman, Parsons, & Leber, 1985) (for reviews, see Oscar-Berman et al, 2014;Pitel, Eustache, & Beaunieux, 2014). Remaining to be established are parameters of recovery, including length of sobriety, age at alcoholism initiation, age at testing, style of drinking, concomitant nutritional deficiencies and non-alcohol drug use, sex, physiological, ethnic, and genetic characteristics of alcoholics (Stavro et al, 2013).…”

Section: Recovery Of Component Processes Of Memory Functions With Alcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions to Understanding the Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: An INS Legacy

Sullivan

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been a major cause of family, social, and personal strife for centuries, with current prevalence estimates of 14% for 12-month and 29% lifetime AUD. Neuropsychological testing of selective cognitive, sensory, and motor functions complemented with in vivo brain imaging has enabled tracking the consequences of AUD, which follows a dynamic course of development, maintenance, and recovery or relapse. Controlled studies of alcoholism reviewed herein provide evidence for disruption of selective functions involving executive, visuospatial, mnemonic, emotional, and attentional processes, response inhibition, prosody, and postural stability and brain systems supporting these functions. On a hopeful front, longitudinal study provides convincing evidence for improvement in brain structure and function following sustained sobriety. These discoveries have a strong legacy in the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), starting from its early days when assumptions regarding which brain regions were disrupted relied solely on patterns of functional sparing and impairment deduced from testing. This review is based on the symposium presentation delivered at the 2017 annual North American meeting of the INS in celebration of the 50th anniversary since its institution in 1967. In the spirit of the meeting's theme, "Binding the Past and Present," the lecture and this review recognized the past by focusing on early, rigorous neuropsychological studies of alcoholism and their influence on research currently conducted using imaging methods enabling hypothesis testing of brain substrates of observed functional deficits. (JINS, 2017, 23, 843-859)

show abstract

“…Although there is evidence of cognitive recovery in IQ, verbal skills and recent memory following 1 or 2 weeks of abstinence [8,9] , residual deficits have been found in 45% of patients 3 weeks into abstinence [10] . Sustained impairments have been found in problemsolving visuospatial ability and perceptual motor skills [11,12] after 4 weeks of abstinence, with some deficits persisting after a year of abstinence [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Neuropsychological Functioning during Alcohol Detoxification

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates changes in neuropsychological functioning during early abstinence from alcohol. 30 alcohol-dependent inpatients were tested at intake (day 4 of admission) and post detoxification (day 26), using a test-retest design. The neuropsychological battery included measures of pre-morbid IQ, full-scale IQ, verbal and non-verbal measures of memory and executive function. IQ was within the normal range at intake and comparable with age-adjusted normative values and there were some impairments in memory and executive function. There were significant increases in performance scores post detoxification in working memory, verbal fluency and verbal inhibition but not in non-verbal executive function tasks (mental flexibility and planning ability). Despite increased scores on tests of verbal and memory skills after 3 weeks of abstinence, complex executive abilities showed little change. These may have a negative impact on engagement and response to treatment and compromise clinical outcomes, heightening the risk of relapse.

show abstract

Lack of Recovery in Male Alcoholics' Neuropsychological Performance One Year after Treatment

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of abstinence and relapse upon neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose metabolism in severe chronic alcoholism

Effects of abstinence and relapse upon neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose metabolism in severe chronic alcoholism

Contributions to Understanding the Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: An INS Legacy

Changes in Neuropsychological Functioning during Alcohol Detoxification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About