Lack of genetic structure in pinworm populations from New World primates in forest fragments

Solórzano‐García, Brenda; Gasca-Pineda, Jaime; Poulin, Robert; León, Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce de

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.06.008

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( cox1 ), and a region of the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal gene ( 28S ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using the procedure and primers specified in Solórzano-García et al . (2016, 2017). Contig sequences of cox1 were aligned using CLUSTAL W and MESQUITE v. 2.75; two final sets of cox1 alignments were employed, one including all Trypanoxyuris species with available molecular information, consisting of 61 sequences with 707 bp, with 4–12 sequences per Trypanoxyuris species per host subspecies; and a species-specific alignment for each Trypanoxyuris species including all the previously published sequences of pinworms from primates in Mexico (Solórzano-García et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2016, 2017). Contig sequences of cox1 were aligned using CLUSTAL W and MESQUITE v. 2.75; two final sets of cox1 alignments were employed, one including all Trypanoxyuris species with available molecular information, consisting of 61 sequences with 707 bp, with 4–12 sequences per Trypanoxyuris species per host subspecies; and a species-specific alignment for each Trypanoxyuris species including all the previously published sequences of pinworms from primates in Mexico (Solórzano-García et al ., 2017). The 28S contig sequences were aligned using MUSCLE and consisted of 35 sequences of 1149 bp, with 2–5 sequences per Trypanoxyuris species per host subspecies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that host isolation in time and space due to relatively recent changes in landscape configuration has not promoted genetic differentiation and structure among local parasite populations. The large population sizes of parasites could additionally be delaying the effects of genetic drift (Solórzano-García et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

et al. 2018

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Patterns of genetic variation among populations can reveal the evolutionary history of species. Pinworm parasites are highly host specific and form strong co-evolutionary associations with their primate hosts. Here, we describe the genetic variation observed in four Trypanoxyuris species infecting different howler and spider monkey subspecies in Central America to determine if historical dispersal processes and speciation in the host could explain the genetic patterns observed in the parasites. Mitochondrial (cox1) and ribosomal (28S) DNA were analysed to assess genetic divergence and phylogenetic history of these parasites. Sequences of the 28S gene were identical within pinworms species regardless of host subspecies. However, phylogenetic analyses, haplotype relationships and genetic divergence with cox1 showed differentiation between pinworm populations according to host subspecies in three of the four Trypanoxyuris species analysed. Haplotype separation between host subspecies was not observed in Trypanoxyuris minutus, nor in Trypanoxyuris atelis from Ateles geoffoyi vellerosus and Ateles geoffoyi yucatanensis. Levels of genetic diversity and divergence in these parasites relate with such estimates reported for their hosts. This study shows how genetic patterns uncovered in parasitic organisms can reflect the host phylogenetic and biogeographic histories.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

et al. 2018

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show abstract

“…Despite this, mitochondrial sequence analysis of Trypanoxyuris spp. showed that parasite populations in different forest fragments were not genetically differentiated [ 132 ]. There are two non-mutually-exclusive explanations for this; unexpectedly high Trypanoxyuris gene flow among forest fragments, and/or the failure of Trypanoxyuris populations to detectably differentiate since becoming reproductively isolated.…”

Section: Influence Of Anthropogenic Disruption On Parasitic Nematode mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supporting this, Trypanoxyuris spp. and B. schroederi all show genetic evidence of recent population expansion despite marked declines in host population size [ 127 , 132 ], suggesting that prevalence and/or intensity of infection has increased since habitat fragmentation. Hence, population genetic analysis can inform on the biology of parasitic nematodes undergoing changes in range, and can be used to make predictions about how parasite populations might respond genetically to future range changes.…”

Section: Influence Of Anthropogenic Disruption On Parasitic Nematode mentioning

confidence: 99%

The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals

Cole

Viney

2018

Parasites Vectors

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Parasitic nematodes are highly diverse and common, infecting virtually all animal species, and the importance of their roles in natural ecosystems is increasingly becoming apparent. How genes flow within and among populations of these parasites - their population genetics - has profound implications for the epidemiology of host infection and disease, and for the response of parasite populations to selection pressures. The population genetics of nematode parasites of wild animals may have consequences for host conservation, or influence the risk of zoonotic disease. Host movement has long been recognised as an important determinant of parasitic nematode population genetic structure, and recent research has also highlighted the importance of nematode life histories, environmental conditions, and other aspects of host ecology. Commonly, factors influencing parasitic nematode population genetics have been studied in isolation, such that an integrated view of the drivers of population genetic structure of parasitic nematodes is still lacking. Here, we seek to provide a comprehensive, broad, and integrative picture of these factors in parasitic nematodes of wild animals that will be a useful resource for investigators studying non-model parasitic nematodes in natural ecosystems. Increasingly, new methods of analysing the population genetics of nematodes are becoming available, and we consider the opportunities that these afford in resolving hitherto inaccessible questions of the population genetics of these important animals.

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Necropsies disclose a low helminth parasite diversity in periurban howler monkeys

Lopes

Klain

Chaves

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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Primate-parasite interactions are often investigated via coprological studies given ethical and conservation restrictions of collecting primate hosts. Yet, these studies are inadequate to recover adult helminths for taxonomic identification and to accurately assess their prevalence, intensity, abundance, and site of infection. Fresh carcasses found in anthropogenic landscapes come as informative and reliable alternatives. In this study, we identified the helminths of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) and their sites of infection, and measured their prevalence, intensity, and abundance of infection. We necropsied 18 adult males, 11 adult females, and 7 juvenile males that died in conflicts with the anthropogenic environment (domestic dog attacks, n = 11; electrocutions and road-kills, n = 10 each; unknown, n = 5) in periurban landscapes of southern Brazil between 2013 and 2019. We found three nematodes (Trypanoxyuris minutus, Dipetalonema gracile, and Parabronema bonnei) and one cestode (Bertiella cf. studeri), a diversity estimated to account for a sampling completeness of 99%. Prevalence ranged from 3% for P. bonnei to 100% for T. minutus. Mean abundance ranged from 2 (D. gracile and B. cf. studeri) to 55,116 (T. minutus) and mean intensity of infection ranged from 4 (B. cf. studeri) to 55,116 (T. minutus). Trypanoxyuris minutus sex ratio was strongly malebiased. The intensity of infection with T. minutus was higher in juvenile males and adult females than in adult males. The low parasite diversity and the helminths' mode of transmission are compatible with howlers' arboreality and folivorous-frugivorous diet. The howlers were not infected with soil-transmitted helminth parasites of humans and domestic animals on the ground and probably did not eat invertebrates to complement the diet. Given the lack of evidence of howler health problems, we suggest that the causes of death of the necropsied howlers are the major threats to the long-term conservation of the species at the study periurban landscapes.

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Lack of genetic structure in pinworm populations from New World primates in forest fragments

Cited by 6 publications

References 68 publications

Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals

Necropsies disclose a low helminth parasite diversity in periurban howler monkeys

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