Lack of genetic structure and evidence for long-distance dispersal in ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations under threat from an emergent fungal pathogen: implications for restorative planting

Beatty, Gemma E.; Brown, James A.; Cassidy, Eamon M.; Finlay, Caroline M. V.; McKendrick, Lorraine; Montgomery, W. Ian; Reid, Neil; Tosh, David G.; Provan, Jim

doi:10.1007/s11295-015-0879-5

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Levels of inbreeding, measured as F IS (mean F IS = 0.121), were higher than those reported for ash (mean F IS = 0.067; Beatty et al 2015a), alder (mean F IS = 0.078; Beatty et al 2015b) and hawthorn (mean F IS = 0.047; Brown et al 2016). The levels of F IS observed in hazel are somewhat surprising, given that the species shows dichogamy and has sporophytic self-incompatibility (Thompson 1979), but records of self-fertilization have been reported in hazel (Persson et al 2004) and partial selfcompatibility observed in a few cultivars (Mehlenbacher and Smith 2006;Mehlenbacher 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In comparison with studies on other broadleaved tree species from Ireland that utilized microsatellites, hazel has the highest level of genetic diversity to date (mean H E = 0.828) compared to hawthorn (mean H E = 0.803; Brown et al 2016), ash (mean H E = 0.765; Beatty et al 2015a), sessile oak (mean H E = 0.720; Beatty et al 2016), pedunculate oak (mean H E = 0.714; Beatty et al 2016) and alder (mean H E = 0.663; Beatty et al 2015b). Levels of inbreeding, measured as F IS (mean F IS = 0.121), were higher than those reported for ash (mean F IS = 0.067; Beatty et al 2015a), alder (mean F IS = 0.078; Beatty et al 2015b) and hawthorn (mean F IS = 0.047; Brown et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Recent genetic studies on British and Irish trees suggest that Bseed zones,^areas with similar ecological, geographical and climatic features (Herbert et al 1999) such as those drawn up by the Forestry Commission, may not be necessary for ash (Sutherland et al 2010;Beatty et al 2015a), alder (Beatty et al 2015b) and hawthorn (Brown et al 2016), due to genetic homogeneity. As there is a lack of information about the level of genetic diversity at a similar scale for hazel, we used highly polymorphic microsatellite markers (Powell et al 1996) to elucidate levels and patterns of diversity in natural populations of this key native woodland species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad-scale genetic homogeneity in natural populations of common hazel (Corylus avellana) in Ireland

Brown

Beatty

Montgomery

et al. 2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Hazel (Corylus avellana) has been a key species in European woodlands throughout the Holocene (10 KYApresent). Like many tree species, it is increasingly under threat from climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species and emergent pathogens. As knowledge of the genetic structure of natural populations of trees is vital for managing these threats, as well as an essential basis for selection of material for replanting and restocking, we analysed levels and patterns of genetic diversity in the species at a range of spatial scales using high-resolution microsatellite markers. Our findings indicate that hazel populations exhibit high levels of genetic diversity along with low levels of population differentiation, suggesting extensive gene flow. Fine-scale genetic structuring was observed in some of the woodlands studied, probably resulting from restricted dispersal of the heavy nuts produced by the species. This, coupled with higher levels of pollen-mediated gene flow, resulted in a weak but significant pattern of isolation by distance. These results suggest that replanting following potential loss of hazel populations may not necessarily require the use of material from the same locality and mirror findings in other broadleaved tree species from the same area.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad-scale genetic homogeneity in natural populations of common hazel (Corylus avellana) in Ireland

Brown

Beatty

Montgomery

et al. 2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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“…In general, signs of population isolation and low gene flow were detected throughout the Central System (F ST = 0.239) compared to that reported for some other wind-pollinated temperate forest species: F ST = 0.049 in Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook [64], F ST = 0.052 in Populus euphratica Olivier [65], Φ ST = 0.013 in Fraxinus excelsior L. [66], and F ST = 0.074 in Castanea sativa Mill. [67].…”

Section: Genetic Diversity and Population Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 58%

Genetic Diversity in Relict and Fragmented Populations of Ulmus glabra Hudson in the Central System of the Iberian Peninsula

Puerto

García

Mohanty

et al. 2017

Forests

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Ulmus glabra Hudson, or Wych elm, occurs as fragmented and relict natural populations in the Central System, which acts as a refugium in the Iberian Peninsula. Considering the importance of the Central System populations of U. glabra, the main objective was to assess their genetic diversity using nuclear microsatellite markers. A total of 360 different genotypes were detected in the 427 U. glabra individuals analyzed. Wych elm populations showed a highly significant genetic differentiation (24%; p = 0.0001). Of the 22 populations studied, population of Rozas de Puerto Real (ROZ) showed the highest values of effective number of alleles (2.803), mean Shannon's diversity (1.047) and expected heterozygosity (0.590). Populations of ROZ and Mombeltrán (MOM) showed the highest values of observed heterozygosity (0.838 and 0.709, respectively), and highly negative values for inbreeding coefficient (−0.412 and −0.575, respectively). Also, most of putative hybrids (50 of 55) were observed in these two populations. Demographic analysis revealed signals for recent (four populations) and ancestral (fifteen populations) bottlenecks. Fragmented populations with diminishing number of individuals, along with anthropogenic intervention and Dutch elm disease (DED), are the main threats to U. glabra populations. From a future perspective, the information generated can be considered in the formulation of conservation strategies for U. glabra populations in the Central System.

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“…It has a natural range that extends from Southern Scandinavia to Northern Spain and the Balkans, and from Ireland in the west to continental Russia in the east [1]. Common ash is usually found in mixed woodland communities with trees, such as beech, oak, alder, and sycamore [1,2], and accounts for 14% of the total broadleaved standing volume in the UK, making it the fourth most common broadleaved tree [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Strategies for Epidemic Control in a Tree Nursery: the Case of Ash Dieback in the UK

Chávez

Parnell

Bosch

et al. 2015

Forests

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Ash dieback is a fungal disease (causal agent Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) infecting Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) throughout temperate Europe. The disease was first discovered in the UK in 2012 in a nursery in Southern England, in plants which had been imported from the Netherlands. After sampling other recently planted sites across England, more infected trees were found. Tree trade from outside and across the UK may have facilitated the spread of invasive diseases which threaten the sustainability of forestry business, ecological niches and amenity landscapes. Detecting a disease in a nursery at an early stage and knowing how likely it is for the disease to have spread further in the plant trade network, can help control an epidemic. Here, we test two simple sampling rules that 1) inform monitoring strategies to detect a disease at an early stage, and 2) inform the decision of tracking forward the disease after its detection. We apply these expressions to the case of ash dieback in the UK and test them in different scenarios after disease introduction. Our results are useful to inform policy makers' decisions on monitoring for the control and spread of tree diseases through the nursery trade.

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Lack of genetic structure and evidence for long-distance dispersal in ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations under threat from an emergent fungal pathogen: implications for restorative planting

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Broad-scale genetic homogeneity in natural populations of common hazel (Corylus avellana) in Ireland

Broad-scale genetic homogeneity in natural populations of common hazel (Corylus avellana) in Ireland

Genetic Diversity in Relict and Fragmented Populations of Ulmus glabra Hudson in the Central System of the Iberian Peninsula

Designing Strategies for Epidemic Control in a Tree Nursery: the Case of Ash Dieback in the UK

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