Lack of exercise, via hindlimb suspension, impedes endogenous neurogenesis

Yasuhara, Takao; Hara, Koichi; Maki, Mina; Matsukawa, Noriyuki; Fujino, Hidemi; Date, Isao; Borlongan, Cesario V.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.045

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In contrast, an abrupt deprivation of habitual running in rats leads to longlasting decreases in BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus 22) . Lack of exercise in rats induced by hindlimb suspension, involving elevation of their tails, reduced levels of BDNF protein in the hippocampus and suppressed neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus 26) . Likewise, it is thought that a decline in masticatory activity caused by soft-diet feeding during development leads to decreased levels of BDNF protein in the hippocampus in adulthood, thus restraining hippocampal neurogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Soft-diet Feeding Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Mice

Yamamoto

Hirayama

Hosoe

et al. 2009

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Our previous study showed that mice fed on a soft diet after weaning had reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the hippocampus after 3 months of age compared with mice fed on a hard diet. BDNF is one of the most effective promoters of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and enhancement of BDNF production has been shown to enhance neural precursor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. We hypothesized that soft-diet feeding during development would reduce the proliferation rate of precursor cells, resulting in lower production of new neurons in the hippocampus. Male C57BL/6 mice pups were fed either a solid (hard-diet group) or powdered (softdiet group) diet starting at weaning. Three and six months after birth, mice of each group received intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg body weight), twice a day for 3 consecutive days. After survival time of 1 day, 1 week, or 4 weeks, the mice were anesthetized and perfused transcardially. Newborn cells in the dentate gyrus were examined by immunohistochemistry using anti-BrdU antibody. In addition, phenotypically neuronal cells among the newborn cells were detected by immunofluorescent double labeling for BrdU and mature neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) using anti-BrdU and anti-NeuN antibodies. Total number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus was fewer in the 6-month-old mice than in the 3-month-old mice at any survival time investigated, and fewer in the soft-diet group than in the hard-diet group at 3 and 6 months of age. Neither soft-diet feeding nor aging affected ratio of phenotypically neuronal cells among newborn cells. These results indicate that insufficient mastication activity during development as well as aging restrains hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Soft-diet Feeding Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Mice

Yamamoto

Hirayama

Hosoe

et al. 2009

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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“…In particular, several trophic factors might be involved in the beneficial effects of exercise (e.g. Cotman et al, 2007;Gomez-Pinilla et al, 1998;Widenfalk et al, 1999;Yasuhara et al, 2007). The data from animal models parallel the observations in PD patients as increased physical activity is neuroprotective/neurorestorative in models of nigrostriatal injury.…”

Section: Exercising For Gdnf Expression?mentioning

confidence: 56%

GDNF and PD: Less Common Points of View

Saavedra¹,

Baltazar²

2011

Towards New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease

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“…However, hindlimb suspension is known to trigger stress responses and increase glucocorticoid levels, which can, in turn, suppress hippocampal neurogenesis 46,47) . Although hindlimb suspension did not significantly increase the weight of the adrenal gland and plasma corticosterone level in the latter studies 44,45) , the increasing trends did not exclude the possibility that this was a false-negative result. A recent study examined whether long-term spaceflight, an extreme form of physical inactivity, affects gene expression in mouse brain, and found no significant changes in hippocampal mRNA levels of BDNF or its receptors (TrkB and p75) 48) .…”

Section: Impacts Of Physical Inactivity On Rodent Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Some previous studies have used a model of hindlimb suspension to mimic physical inactivity and demonstrated an increase in depressive symptom 43) and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis 44,45) . However, hindlimb suspension is known to trigger stress responses and increase glucocorticoid levels, which can, in turn, suppress hippocampal neurogenesis 46,47) .…”

Section: Impacts Of Physical Inactivity On Rodent Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious effects of physical inactivity on the hippocampus: New insight into the increasing prevalence of stress-related depression

Nishijima

Kita

2015

JPFSM

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Populations worldwide are increasingly becoming physically inactive, which is related to somatic and psychological health problems that are prevalent in modern society. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that the associations between physical inactivity and depression are bidirectional. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that exercise improves hippocampal function. Because the hippocampus is a pivotal brain region that exerts inhibitory control over stress responses by affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, enhanced hippocampal function by exercise can increase stress resilience, which helps prevent stress-related depression. In contrast, physical inactivity is difficult to model in animal studies, and little is known about the effects of physical inactivity on the rodent hippocampus. To fill this gap, we previously developed a mouse model of habituated voluntary wheel running cessation as a reverse intervention to control physical activity. We found that reducing physical activity by cessation of wheel running impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Thus, this review discusses the relevant literature and provides a hypothesis that physical inactivity can be a potential risk factor for stress-related depression as it increases stress vulnerability by impairing hippocampal function.

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Lack of exercise, via hindlimb suspension, impedes endogenous neurogenesis

Cited by 72 publications

References 51 publications

Soft-diet Feeding Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Mice

Soft-diet Feeding Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Mice

GDNF and PD: Less Common Points of View

Deleterious effects of physical inactivity on the hippocampus: New insight into the increasing prevalence of stress-related depression

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