Lack of Evidence That Bird Feeders Are a Source of Salmonellosis during Winter in Poland

Frątczak, Martyna; Indykiewicz, Piotr; Dulisz, Beata; Nowakowski, Jacek J.; Janiszewski, Tomasz; Szeptycki, Jan; Wilczyński, Jarosław; Tryjanowski, Piotr

doi:10.3390/ani11061831

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, feeding wild birds is often actively encouraged, particularly during winter, providing the feedstuff is appropriate [ 22 ]. Although concerns have been raised that such supplemental feeding results in dependency and increases the spread of infectious diseases, the evidence that this is the case is often not clear cut [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], and typically bird feeding has been associated with improved health and survival rates [ 25 , 27 ]. Feeding other species of wild or free-ranging animals is generally not as common as feeding garden birds, although there are indicators that this is changing, e.g., with the increased availability of food for hedgehogs [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Way We Access and Interact with the Countryside and the Animals within It?

Hockenhull

Squibb

Cameron

2021

Animals

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There is growing evidence that the changes in human behaviour resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have had positive and negative impacts on the natural world. This study used an online survey to explore how the first UK lockdown affected human exercising behaviour, with particular focus on the role of wild and domestic animals. The survey was completed by 308 respondents. There was a significant increase in the frequency that respondents went for walks outdoors during lockdown, in comparison to pre-lockdown levels (p ≤ 0.001), and this was sustained (albeit to a lesser extent) once lockdown ended (p = 0.005). Engaging with the natural world was an important feature of walks outside for 81% of respondents. A small proportion of respondents reported physically interacting with the animals they encountered and/or feeding them, which may have implications for their welfare. The findings suggest that those who value animal encounters during their time outside always seek these interactions, while those who do not, did not tend to change this behaviour following lockdown. Should the changes in human exercising behaviour be sustained, it is important to balance the benefits of walking outdoors for human health and wellbeing with the health and welfare of the animals they encounter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Way We Access and Interact with the Countryside and the Animals within It?

Hockenhull

Squibb

Cameron

2021

Animals

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“…on sugar water feeders themselves. Although some studies have not detected this pathogen on urban bread and seed feeders, 81,82 a New Zealand study (Auckland) showed that up to 7% of sampled feeders were positive for Salmonella spp. 16 One of the most common bread and seed feeder visitors in that study was the house sparrow, which also was shown to carry Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of urban sugar water feeding on bird body condition and avian diseases

Erastova

Galbraith²,

Cain

et al. 2022

Avian Biology Research

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Garden bird sugar water feeding is increasingly popular worldwide, but little is known about its effects on bird health and associated diseases. There is a concern that feeding stations can accumulate pathogens and facilitate pathogen transmission between individuals, resulting in adverse effects on body condition of visiting birds. We tested the effects of sugar water feeding in urban New Zealand backyards by sampling target species for multiple infections and comparing bird body condition. For this, we compared backyards with and without sugar water feeders and again compared existing sugar water feeders with various sugar concentrations in two cities and in two seasons. Birds caught in gardens with sugar water feeders had poorer body condition; however, birds had better body condition in the city with the warmer climate (Auckland), during summer, and in gardens with high (≥20%) sugar concentration in sugar water feeders in winter. All screening tests for Chlamydia psittaci and Salmonella spp. returned negative results. Avian poxvirus prevalence in tauhou ( Zosterops lateralis) was four times higher in the city with a warmer climate. The likelihood of lice infection in tauhou was lower in gardens with feeders, in the warmer city, in summer, and at feeders with higher sugar concentrations. In tūī ( Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), the likelihood of lice infection decreased with an increase in sugar concentration. Coccidia infection was 4.25 times higher in tauhou in gardens with feeders. Despite the identified risks associated with sugar water feeding, there appear to be potential benefits for native nectarivorous birds, specifically in winter.

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“…Din acest considerent, scopul investigațiilor propuse a fost de a stabili incidența circulației serotipelor patogene de Salmonella spp. în materiile fecale și materialul patologic prelevat de la întreprinderile avicole, destinate producerii cărnii de pasăre și a ouălor de consum curent [2,10,12].…”

Section: Introducereunclassified

Incidența bacteriilor din genul salmonella. SPP la unele Unități de creștere a puiilor broiler și a găinilor ouătoare

Juncu

2023

Management of the Genetic Fund of Animals – Problems, Solutions, Outlooks

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As a goal of this investigations was to establish the incidence of the circulation of pathogenic serotipes of the Salmonella spp. bacteria in the poultry enterprises specialized in the growth of broiler chickens and in the poultry factories specialized in production of eggs for current consumption. As material for the research were taken samples from the poultry rooms, and equipment, the faecal samples, shoe, surface washes from the equipment and the eggs for current consumption. The isolation and identification of bacteria from the genus Salmonella spp. were performed to the methodology in force at national level. For serotyping of bacteria from the genus Salmonella spp., were used the monovalent O and H sera. The results of bacteriological investigations of faecal samples collected from broiler chickens, demonstrated that the highest index of bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp. at the age of 1-2 days was 2.09±0.18 log CFU/g , with variations to 2.49±0.19 log CFU/g at the age of 20 days and with an increase up to 3.52±0.20 log UFC/g, at the 40 days age of chickens. Simultaneously with the faecal samples, were taken the samples from chicken corpses. The obtained indices demonstrated that the number of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the chickens corpses is higher with 2 log units, com-pared to this index obtained from faecal samples of live chickens. Bacteriological research performed at faecal samples of the flocks of laying hens have demonstrated that the index of bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp. at the age of hens of 145-165 days had relatively low variations (0.65±0.16 log CFU/g). At the beginning of the laying period (290-310 days) this index had a parameteres of 0,71±0,08 log CFU/g, but of the end of the laying period (450-470 days), the index had a double increasing and constituted 1.66±0.24* log CFU/g. The mentioned indexes demonstrated that the veterinary sanitary and preventive curative measures undertaken at the poultry units do not fully prevent the risks of contamination with bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp. and still remain an important problem for the health of poultry flocks. Bacteriological investigations confirmed that the index of Salmonella spp. bacteria in broiler flocks constituted 8.6%, with the predominance of serotype Salmonella pullorum gallinarum, and in laying hen flocks this index constituted 4.2%, with the predominance of Salmonella pullorum gallinarum and Salmonella typhimurium serotypes, which presents a risk of contamination both for poultry flocks and for human health.

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Lack of Evidence That Bird Feeders Are a Source of Salmonellosis during Winter in Poland

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Way We Access and Interact with the Countryside and the Animals within It?

How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Way We Access and Interact with the Countryside and the Animals within It?

Effects of urban sugar water feeding on bird body condition and avian diseases

Incidența bacteriilor din genul salmonella. SPP la unele Unități de creștere a puiilor broiler și a găinilor ouătoare

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